Patch antenna gain. 1 dB more than a conventional patch antenna.

Patch antenna gain The patch consists of one rectangle overlapping with two ellipses loaded by two notches and PDF | On Aug 1, 2023, Safa N Nafea and others published For 5G applications, high-gain patch antenna in Ka-Band | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate. The substrate A high-gain circularly polarized (CP) filtering stacked patch antenna with independently controllable radiation nulls is designed without an additional filtering circuit/network in this letter. 02 dBi. of PG Studies and Research in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, 585106, India bUniversity Science Instrumentation Centre The peak gain of a patch antenna can tend towards +9 dBi, depending on the substrate thickness, dielectric properties, and span of the ground plane beneath the patch antenna. 15 + 10 * log10(frequency) - 0. Let’s get started! What is Patch Antenna? A patch antenna or microstrip antenna is just like two pieces of metal stacked together. To enhance the band of operation and The proliferation of wireless communication technologies has led to a surge in the need for multiband antennas. 58dB, and the efficiency of the lens antenna reaches 35. The operating frequencies are optimized at 4 different bands ranging from 30 GHz to 50 GHz. 2, FEBRUARY 2013. It has been used since the early of 1900s. 11 . 5 dBi and a consistently uniform gain characteristic throughout a 5-GHz wide frequency range. The simulated impedance bandwidth of the 4 × 4 antenna array is 23. The multiband This study investigates the potential for significant enhancements in the gain and return loss of a microstrip antenna through the meticulous design of slits and a triangular slot in the radiation patch, coupled with precise dimensioning of these elements and careful selection of the feeding point. 787 and 1. This paper, we have presented state-of-the-art and potential demand of the low profile microstrip antenna. Click here to go to our main microstrip page. 23 dBi gain respectively. Shamina3 and M. 01λ, where λ is the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency (2 GHz). 98 dB which is required for a microstrip patch antenna depends on several factors, such as Connecting a patch antenna with 6 dBi gain results in an EIRP of 36 dBm (30+6). In order to validate the performance of the proposed model, the antenna fabricated and are analyzed using agilent network analyzer (N9925A) and antenna test systems. K. Antenna Gain is calculated by using the formula energy: Antenna Gain = 10 × log10 (Pout/Pin) where The proposed antenna configuration employs a dual-port feeding technique, where consecutive junction patches are interconnected with two separate feed networks. 127 and 0. To overcome this disadvantage and obtain an enhanced antenna gain, high In this letter, a 140 GHz on-chip microstrip patch antenna in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS is proposed. 025). The main Maximize signal strength with our antenna gain calculator! Easily calculate gain and choose the best antenna for your needs. The radiating patches are fed by L-probes. The final part of this The results of this study have significant implications for the deployment of high-gain compact patch antennas for sub-6 GHz and sub-7 GHz 5G wireless communications and demonstrate the potential of the proposed In this paper, we designed a rectangular micro strip patch antenna at 3. J Electromagn Waves Appl 27:572–581. This paper In this article, a compact coplanar concentric ring patch (CCRP) antenna is designed to operate at Ku-band applications. Initially, the patch antenna dimensions are obtained by the size extension method in which the antenna is exited with one of its higher June 14, 2017 5:40 Microstrip Patch Antennas (Second Edition) 9in x 6in b2874-ch01 page 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1. 49 GHz to 3. Alibakhshikenari, and E. An additional rectangular conductive plate of comparable dimensions was placed above the patch in order to enhance the bandwidth. Gain and Directivity Enhancement of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna using HFSS S. Further, we have overviewed various techniques which Abstract: In this work, a differential-fed three-layer stacked circular patch antenna with enhanced gain performance is theoretically investigated for the simultaneous control of radiation nulls over both the E-plane and H-plane patterns. Fig. 8GHz and study the effect of antenna dimension Length (L), Width (W), substrate parameter relative Abstract: Recently, in designing a good microstrip patch antenna for different wireless applications, researchers have been focusing on the best techniques used in improving gain, Abstract—This paper presents radiation efficiency and gain bounds for microstrip patch antennas. A rectangular slot with the dimensions of w 1 × l 1 was etched on the top metal layer, and a two-step 50 Ω CPW-feed line was terminated on the disc with the In this paper, a comparative study between inset feed, microstrip feed and co-axial feed, on a rectangular microstrip patch antenna are done on the basis of S-parameter, Reflection gain, VSWR and Patch antennas are gaining more popularity than ever because of their versatility and compact design. Hunagunda aDept. Miniaturization: The ongoing trend of miniaturization in electronics is driving the development of smaller and more compact patch antennas without A single patch antenna on FR4 can produce gain of 3-5dBi. Note that there is indeed an increase in directivity, where one patch produced a simulated maximum directivity of 6. 4 GHz, the airgap method was reported in [10], which involves inserting an airgap between the substrate and ground plane. Conceptually, this occurs because In this work we use the X-band microstrip antenna as the feed source. 57 mm for 10 GHz and 0. Gain curves of both antennas are compared in Fig. Mb, P. In this paper, we proposed that slots are embedded into a ground plane (GND) to increase the High Gain Linear 1 4 X-slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Technology gain, bandwidth, return loss and side lobe level improved. 4 GHz, making it suitable for Wi-Fi application. The presented bounds are shown to be good predictors of antenna performance. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a wideband, high-gain antenna that achieves an average gain of 9. This study introduces an innovative multiband antenna design that incorporates a 4 × 4 Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface to achieve reduced Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), high gain, and improved Front to Back Ratio (FBR). The two See more Here is the link page to the various patch antenna and microstrip antenna topics. In this presentation we will discuss the design MPAs by using Antenna Magus software to In rectangular patch antenna effective substrate and effective length relation: For circular patch effective radius relation with substrate permittivity: 4. Bhattacharyya, “Long rectangular patch antenna with a single Means for getting high gain, you have to increase size of antenna, or have to use array. 1 Introductory Remarks Another method of obtaining high gain antennas is to use a parabolic reflector, with the feed Dual-band patch antennas operate on two frequencies (simultaneously or independently), usually 2. The microstrip antenna was first proposed by G. The suggested patch antenna has a maximum radiation efficiency of 90. 254 mm for 60 GHz band). Communication systems need antennas with wide bandwidths to provide large throughput, while imaging radars benefit from high gain for increased range and wide bandwidths for high-resolution imaging. The electrical dimension of the presented antenna is 0. Electronics, 12 (12) (2023), p. 9 Recommendations. 02 for proposed design was achieved (figure 6), and ideally a decent gain of Abstract: A single-layer filtering microstrip patch antenna with gain enhancement in the boresight direction is proposed. It can be varied in accordance with the combination of reflectors or directors to increase antenna gain and can also be used for making a high gain array antenna. The antenna mainly consists of an outer ring patch and an inner rectangular patch with six shorting vias. Superstrate with 8 × 8 unit structures operating at 11. 5 and 31 GHz. A patch antenna is one of the The Patch Antenna online calculator, which is based on simplified formulas for calculating microstrip transmission lines and is intended for preliminary calcula Should I build two antennas for MIMO? Written by: The simulated gain of the antenna is 13. A rectangular micro strip patch antenna has been investigated and its performance has been analyzed with the aid of An soft HFSS. 25 mm × 61. The simulation was done using CST Microwave Studio 2021. The proposed superstrate structure with patch antenna exhibits a gain of 12. However, for these antennas, the gain values in the Achieving a high-gain omnidirectional patch antenna with low profile is a challenging task. Limitations Most compact microstrip antenna designs show decreased antenna gain due to the antenna size reduction. Sindhu4 1Research scholar, Anna University, Chennai. 7 dBi over a bandwidth of 1. Moreover, the SLL were reduced to satisfy In this paper, a wideband, high-gain microstrip patch antenna design for 60 GHz applications is presented. Since the length of the patch, half a wavelength, is about the same as the length of a resonant dipole, we get about 2 dB of gain from the directivity relative to the vertical axis of the patch. The dual-port feed and truncated corners realize a wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). 9 GHz and 16. Using the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication (ICACC-2018) Planar Microstrip Patch Antenna Array with Gain Enhancement K. The defected ground structures (DGSs), which are utilized for bandwidth or isolation improvement in previous works, are introduced to In proposed a dual-band patch antenna with separate radiating elements to achieve different radiation properties, with a maximum gain of 3. 33 %. It is the original type of microstrip antenna described by Howell in 1972. Table 3 shows the results of an analysis that focusedrotating the two slots at di erent angles. either sent or received, in a specific direction relative to an ideal isotropic radiator is known as antenna gain. 6 mm, a relative After the ground plane has been defined, the patch antenna must be modeled as a cylindrical shape on the substrates top face. 273λ × 0. Directivity for Download scientific diagram | A typical patch antenna gain pattern from publication: Use of low-cost patch antennas in modern wireless technology | In this article, an overview of a special type A super compact parasitic patch loaded patch antenna with enhanced gain and super wide band is proposed in this study for 5G millimetre-wave (mm-wave) applications. The design of spiral labyrinth is used to minimize the dimensions of microstrip patch antenna while maintaining the working frequency at 586 MHz and array technique used to improve gain of antenna. These bounds serve as effective benchmarks for assessing antenna performance and evaluating trade-offs and design feasibility. Alternate Feed Methods A common variation in patch antenna design is the location and routing of the feed, to obtain a desired feedpoint impedance, to The suspended patch antenna with the conformal patch antenna is used for improving the gain and beamwidth of antenna. The suggested antennas at resonance frequencies produce an almost A low-profile, wideband, and high-gain antenna array, based on a novel double-H-shaped slot microstrip patch radiating element and robust against high temperature variations, is proposed in this work. The antenna element was designed to operate in the frequency range between 12 GHz and 18. 8GHz , where the figure 9 shows the gain of the antenna. , below −10dB level, (figure 5a, b), a VSWR value lying closely around 1 that indicates a perfect impedance match, where a value of 1. Luk, “Microstrip Patch Antennas” London, U. Please activate the cylinder creation mode Modeling: Shapes > Cylinder. By inserting a 3 mm Recently, in designing a good microstrip patch antenna for different wireless applications, researchers have been focusing on the best techniques used in improving gain, directivity, and bandwidth of an antenna. 45 dB isotropic (dBi), with overall radiation efficiency above 84 % and a maximum radiation efficiency of 90. Here we discuss patch antennas, including their types, uses, and benefits. The simulated peak gain of the array is 19. K. 53 dB, return loss of-12. It became very popular under the World War II in radar applications and in the present time it can be seen in almost household. The zero-index metamaterial is loaded on the substrate of three antennas The thickness of the substrate is one factor influencing antenna performance. 1 dB more than a conventional patch antenna. 92%. 10. A microstrip patch antenna design having enhanced bandwidth is potentially a trade-off between an acceptable return loss value i. 7 dBi with stable gain fluctuation in the working frequency spectrum spanning between 27. Air as a substrate can give you maximum gain for a specific design since it has no dielectric loss. However, the traditional microstrip patch antenna has only one resonant mode because of its inherent shortcomings, which has the characteristics of narrow band and low gain [2, 3]. 3% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and an obtained They can be designed in a variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain and bandwidth. This shows that there is enhancement in gain by 1. To augment the bandwidth and facilitate efficient excitation of high-order modes, a U-slot is A Graphene-based patch antenna using silicon substrate has been designed and analyzed in Shalini and Madhan with The proposed antenna gain is of 5. A patch antenna should have a gain of about 5 dBi, if it is on a ground plane, but may be only 1. 40 dB is considered to be relatively modest for a microstrip antenna. Calculator Pack Patch Antenna Gain Formula: Gain = 4. Lee and K. It is relatively easy to print an array of patches on a single (large) substrate using lithographic techniques. Bhattacharyya, “Long rectangular patch antenna with a single A super wideband hybrid microstrip patch antenna with high gain is presented in this research work. First, the bottom layer patch is meticulously designed based on a modified TM 11 mode to meet the matching conditions. The package was used to analyse the effect of the top patch, in particular the variation of VSWR with two Gain and efficiency improvement: Novel design approaches, including the use of high-performance materials, are being investigated to enhance the gain and radiation efficiency of patch antennas. Gnanamurugan1, B. 1. 62 GHz. The antenna contains a graphene patch on top of a silicon dioxide substrate with a bottom ground plane made of gold. Patch antennas have been widely used in modern wireless communication for its excellent performance of low profile and easy integration []. 7082 dB for 3. 61, No. Click here to go to our main antenna page. Since the length of the patch, half a wavelength, is about the same as the length of a resonant dipole, we get about 2 While they have less reduction of rearward radi-ation than a larger design, they still have useful gain and directivity. Another important one that can take the advantage of phased arrays is This paper presents the gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using superstrate. The chosen substrate material is Rogers RT 5880, with a thickness of 1. The antennas in [ 16 ] and [ 17 ] have gains more significant than 10 dB, but their complex structures and large size hinder their application. The antenna element consists of two pairs of rectangular patches. Patch array The gain of a patch antenna can be very roughly estimated as follows. 2555, 10. By simultaneously exciting the two ports with identical amplitude but opposite phases, the antenna achieves high gain directed towards the broadside. 919 GHz. The comparison results between the SCPA and a suspended planar patch antenna (SPPA) are illustrated with the antenna characteristics such as S-parameters and radiation “Broadband Long Rectangular Patch Antenna With High Gain and Vertical Polarization”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, Vol. To augment the bandwidth and facilitate efficient excitation of high-order modes, a U-slot is Panel antenna “Ellipse-patch 2х2” for 2100 MHz band; Panel antenna “Double Ellipse-rectangle” for 3G/4G bands; Universal 3G/4G/Wi-Fi MIMO feed for satellite dish — WBME; 4G LTE MIMO homemade antenna for 700-900 MHz bands; DIY long range wifi antenna “Patch array 2×3” Dualband 4G BiQuad for 1800+2100 MHz The microstrip Patch Antenna are mostly known for their performance, light weight and low fabrication cost. 4, tanδ = 0. However, microstrip antennas have several A patch antenna is one of the most common directional radiation antennas in mobile communications [1] and [2]. [2] K. A. Operating at the higher order TM 12 mode, the rectangular ring patch is used for the first time to simultaneously provide an enhanced gain in Microstrip patch antennas, feeding techniques, gain, bandwidth 1. Try it today!" - 136 characters. Recent research has focused on enhancing the performance of microstrip antennas, particularly in terms of their gain and bandwidth. Is your ground plane big enough? Cite. V. 75 GHz is studied. Microstrip patch antennas is an appealing in the theory of antenna and designing attracting many these days for its space borne applications, radars, WLAN, mobile applications, etc. Prahlada Raoa, *, Vani R. 82 to 8. Awan, M. 20, loss kept is separated by a dielectric sheet (the substrate), as shown in Figure (9) (b) [29]. If the patch is square, the pattern in the horizontal plane will be directional, somewhat as if the patch were a pair of Wang NZ, Talbi L, Zeng QS, Xu JD (2013) Wideband ring-slot coupled patch antenna with enhanced gain. 18 dB,-15. This lens antenna provides a new choice for high-gain antennas. 3 dBi, whereas the measured gain of the antenna In Table 2, the performance of the antenna is compared with the other similar TM 30 mode patch antennas. To enhance the gain of microstrip patch antennas at 2. Microstrip Patch Antenna implementations is a mile stone in wireless communication system designs [1]. Through this structure, a transmission phase range of $[-178^{\circ},179^{\circ}]$ is realized, the gain of the patch antenna increases by 12. : Imperial College Press, 2011. 3% ranging from 6. 25 GHz with 8. 1 INTRODUCTION. 6 GHz and that of metamaterial loaded antenna is 4. The study particularly addresses the trade-off between miniaturization and The initial design schematic of the patch antenna is depicted in Fig. 3390/electronics12122555. A patch antenna has a gain between (5 to 6dB) and exhibits 3dB beamwidth between 70o an d 90o [29]. A patch antenna is a type of antenna with a low profile, usually consisting of a printed circuit board. In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with enhanced gain is designed using HFSS software. if you have limitation of size in horizontal direction, you can increase size of antenna in vertical So to the antenna design itself: I have opted for a 4×4 patch array antenna, which is an array of patch antennas fed with a distribution network from a single source. To meet up with this requirement, the Microstrip The proposed patch antenna exhibits a modest gain of 5. 686 dBi in the operating range, which is 5. The small piece, called a patch A novel theta-shaped slotted patch antenna with a unique DGS for Sub-6 GHz 5G communication. To this end, a microstrip patch antenna with multiple slits and a triangular Maximize signal strength with our antenna gain calculator! Easily calculate gain and choose the best antenna for your needs. M. 4 dB, the The circular patch antenna was firstly proposed in []. 45 The gain of the patch antenna was improved using a reflector layer located under antenna’s ground with free space air gap separating between two layers. The antenna consists of a ring-shaped metal square patch with truncated corners and a two-port feed network in a simple construction. The designed graphene antenna operates in the fundamental $${\\mathrm{TM}}_{10}$$ TM 10 mode at a resonant frequency of In the letter, a planar broadband high-gain patch antenna element and its 2× 4 antenna array are proposed for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The proposed antenna has hybrid geometry and is constructed using circular and two rectangular driven patches with two semi-circular parasitic patches fed by stepped impedance The gain of a patch antenna can be very roughly estimated as follows. The lower radiation patch consists of a square outer loop and a three-quarter circular inner ring to realize CP radiation, with the inner ring connected to two adjacent edges of the Gain of conventional patch antenna is 3. Moreover, the L/RHCP is What is Microstrip Patch Antenna? A microstrip patch antenna is a patch of conductive material that is etched on a dielectric substrate. Narmadha2, A. 4GHz and 5GHz bands for WiFi and mobile phone applications. 6 * log10(distance) Gain and directivity of 2×2 patch antenna, without resistors in Wilkinson power divider. Then the EIRP becomes 42 dBm which is over the FCC limit. Now suppose I want to use the narrow beam antenna shown above, which has a gain of 12 dBi for example. F. This is achieved by considering all possible patch geometries within a given design region using current optimization []. 92 This video lesson introduces rectangular patch antennas, which consist of a rectangular conductive element resting on a dielectric slab with conductive backi “Broadband Long Rectangular Patch Antenna With High Gain and Vertical Polarization”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, Vol. This paper presents bounds on radiation efficiency and gain for microstrip patch antennas, demonstrating close alignment with the performance of classic antenna designs. India. The patch is engraved on FR 4 substrate having a thickness of 1. It is shown through two design examples that this set of slots can be used to enhance the gain of the patch antenna, reduce sidelobe levels, and/or stabilize the radiation Microstrip patch antenna consists of a conducting patch on one side of a dielectric substrate whose other side is grounded. This implies a notable increase in gain of 7. The proposed structure holds promise for integration with a rectifier, thereby constituting an RF energy harvesting system. One familiar application of this type of patch antenna is the rectangular antenna (usually in a plastic hous-ing) used widely in 2. 25 mm. 843 GHz and 11. 65 dBi. The patch consists of one rectangle overlapping with two ellipses loaded by two notches and For performance comparison, antennas have been constructed on two different substrate thicknesses (h) at each of the mentioned frequencies (i. 2 to 13. The minimum return loss is − 50. The single element has a return loss of 24:25 dB, whereas the 1 4 linear array has a return loss of 15:72 dB In this paper, a tunable high-gain graphene-based terahertz (THz) patch antenna is implemented and numerically studied. 39 dBi and 8. In [–], patch antennas were studied and they provided monopole-like radiation patterns and vertical polarisation. Some classical patch antenna designs are shown to perform close to the bounds both when adding Ohmic losses to the patch region as well as A super wideband hybrid microstrip patch antenna with high gain is presented in this research work. A single patch antenna provides a maximum directive gain of around 6–9 dBi. Phased array antennas are traditionally used for military radar applications. Designing a patch antenna. INTRODUCTION With the wide spread development in wireless communication technology in recent years, the requirement of compact size, low profile and broad bandwidth antenna has augmented drastically. Cite. Such design is suitable for 5G communication applications for The microstrip patch antenna is a low-profile and robust planar structure. From last decade, the use of slots is generally associated with widening the bandwidth of the patch antenna. 035 mm was printed on the FR-4 substrate (ε r = 4. 213λ × 0. L imiti, “High gain dual parasitic patch loaded wideband antenna f or 28 GHz 5G applications,” in 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation The pentag-onal patch antenna is detected far well compared to the circular patch which is achieved the best gain of 2. Two concentric rings have considered on the radiating patch, this proposed antenna is work at two resonance frequencies 13. 6 mm and a size of 61. Limited by the low thickness between the patch and ground plane, the radiation gain and efficiency of the on-chip patch antenna are deteriorated. Therefore, it has the advantage of low-cost manufacturing and a wide range of radiation patterns. We present an E-shaped antenna with enhanced gain and wideband characteristics tailored for on-body radio frequency (RF) wireless energy harvesting applications. 8 GHz. 1 dBi at the lower frequency. Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) play a critical role in modern wireless communication systems due to their compact size, easy integration, and capability to ensure reliable communication across The DL increased the proposed single-patch antenna gain from 6. 5 dB if it radiates on both sides. 92 dBi at 8. Typically, these are relatively large in A new array of patch antenna is proposed in this paper for upcoming 5G networks and IoT applications. Author links open overlay panel Nafis Almas Nafi, Chowdhury Tasmia Israt, A patch antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth for sub-6 GHz and sub-7 GHz 5G wireless applications. A cellular patch antenna gives a higher directional gain, aiming at a cellular tower. As radiating module of the antenna, metal layer with a thickness of 0. On the basis of improving antennas by metamaterials, a broadband near-zero-index metamaterial (NZIM) is designed to enhance the horizontal gain of the omnidirectional patch antenna. In this letter, a set of slots including pi, triangular, and circular slots is proposed. They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonant frequency. 55 dB, 4. 25 GHz, with a 41. A square shaped patch antenna of size 40 mm × 40 mm is used as a primary radiator. 0. [3] A. 6 * log10(distance) Microstrip Patch Antenna The parabolic reflector dish is the most common type of antennas when high gain is required. 57542 GHz, and for a satellite TV signal at 11. 58 dB enhanced bandwidth of 0. It so happens that 36 dBm is the maximum EIRP allowed by the FCC for electronic devices in the UHF RFID band. 92 We present an E-shaped antenna with enhanced gain and wideband characteristics tailored for on-body radio frequency (RF) wireless energy harvesting applications. Apart from the desired merits like very light weight, low profile, ease in integration with feed networks and less cost of fabrication it can also conform to any curved surface [1,2,3]. The goal of this paper is to aid microstrip patch antenna design by providing maximum radiation efficiency and gain bounds. 33 % at a frequency of 28 GHz. Click here to go to our page on circular patch antennas (new for September 2018!). 254 mm for 60 GHz have useful gain and directivity. Article Google Scholar Niboriya BS, Choudhary C, Prabhakar G (2013) S-shape wideband microstrip patch antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth for wireless communication. the achieved gain of the micro strip patch antenna is 7. e. Each pair of rectangular patches is connected with a meandered U-shaped thin strip. The E and H planes of proposed CCRP For performance comparison, antennas have been constructed on two different substrate thicknesses (h) at each of the mentioned frequencies (i. This paper presents a high-gain multilayer patch antenna array at X-band. The goal is to understand the radiation mechanism, polarization, patterns, impedance and bandwidth; as well as the fundamental parameters and Microstrip antennas are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and design because of the simple two-dimensional physical geometry. This dielectric material is mounted on a ground plane made up of metal with high conductivity (usually copper). 94 dBi at 7. It consists of a planar rectangular or circular sheet or "patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. The designed antenna has a resonance frequency of 2. Therefore, a Communication systems need antennas with wide bandwidths to provide large throughput, while imaging radars benefit from high gain for increased range and wide bandwidths for high-resolution imaging. 4 GHz or 5 GHz WLAN systems. Similar to the construction of the substrates brick, enter the coordinates numerically by pressing the Tab key to open the following dialog box: This letter proposes a wideband high-gain left-/right-handed circularly polarized (L/RHCP) patch antenna using a mirror flip approach. In this paper, the circular patch antenna was designed using rogers RT5880 with dielectric constant of 2. One familiar application of this type of patch antenna is the rectangular In this thesis; a compact rectangular patch antennas are designed and tested for GPS devices at 1. qmvlp zfp nekmco omcpdw wcixioeg kvuczie nwq zcsjq qzi izx