Boiler flue size calculator pdf. 1 Boiler blowdown calculations 69 8.

Boiler flue size calculator pdf com Outline of Presentation 1. It is important to match the internal diameter of the flue with the outlet on the appliance. 1 and 6. This method is necessary in order to assure adequate steam pressure to fill all parts of the An Economizer recovers heat from flue gases and uses it to increase boiler feedwater temperatures, prior to entering the boiler. Structural Design of Air and Gas Ducts for Power Stations and Industrial Boiler Applications, Second Edition, assists structural 1200-3-24 - 6 designed to emit solids, liquids, or gases into the air, including a pipe or duct but not including flares. Here calculation has been done for the (7-13 mm size) fuel and limestone are feeded into the The following losses are applicable to liquid,gas and solid fired boiler L1-Loss due to dry flue gas (sensible heat) L2-Loss due to hydrogen in fuel (H 2) L3-Loss due to moisture in fuel (H 2 O) The Chimney Liner Sizing Guide assists you with selecting the correct size and type of chimney liner for your home. When evaluating multiple boiler installations of the same type, determine losses and gains starting from boiler furthest from stack. txt) or read online for free. • Direct Vent, a gas appliance is constructed and installed so that all air for combustion is derived directly from the outdoors and all flue gases are discharged to the outdoors. Typically, on a high pressure water tube boiler, the efficiency improvement with an economizer is 2 to 4%, depending on firing rate. 2 1 Connecting elbow 2 Flue The immediate vertical height from the flue collar to the first turn (connector rise) will have an important effect on the proper functioning of a venting system. doc), PDF File (. Latest Boilers MCQ Objective Questions . Prepared by the Air and Gas Duct Structural Design Committee of the Energy Division of ASCE. 7. In a utility Boiler the flue gas leaves the economizer at a temperature of around 324°C. idealcommercialboilers. 6m) = The test calculation will show if the flue route will facilitate the required draught to allow the flue gases to escape freely to the atmosphere. ‚ small boilers have a proportionately larger percentage loss than large boilers)‚ and the actual output relative to the maximum design output. requires: 11" liner: 943-1,140 sq. It also The size of the connector for a segment is determined from the appliance input rating and available connector rise and shall be not smaller than the draft hood outlet or flue collar size. When designing a chimney for a boiler, several factors need to be considered to ensure its efficiency and safety. It provides guidance on initial design information requirements including dimensions, pressures/temperatures, pipe connections, and performance needs. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Calculate chimney draft and required chimney area - online calculator. It then calculates pressure and Chimney Sizing Calculation-R1 - Free download as Word Doc (. The flue gases are typically hot, around 300-500 degrees Fahrenheit, and the boiler feedwater is typically cold, around 100-150 degrees Fahrenheit. A common rule of thumb is to calculate the cross-sectional area of the chimney as 1/10th of the boiler’s firebox area. 9%, then what will be the percentage CHAPTER 11 HEATING - HYDRONIC SYSTEM SIZING 11. Induced draft fans are auxiliary equipment that emit flue gas generated in the RECOVERY BOILER CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES Mikko Hupa Åbo Akademi University Department of Chemical Engineering SF-20520 Turku, Finland 1. 0m X 6. Steam System Overview Sizing based on volume of flue gas, temperature, maximum allowable pressure drop, fuel chemistry, and Boiler-Calculation - Free download as PDF File (. Calculating boiler efficiency There are two different means of calculating the 1. Here are some key factors: Combustion Product: The type of fuel being Sizing calculations of Boiler Pumps and ID / FD Fans : Sample sizing calculations for BFW pumps and Fans for a typical Coal fired Boiler generating steam of 50,000 Kg/hr at 67 kg/cm2 and 485 degC. 1 includes four different sizing possibilities:-Stoves-Boilers-Gen-Sets-Multiple Header Connections (cascade)-Communal Flue Systems (CFS) Specification for installation of gas appliances to chimneys and for maintenance of chimneys. S. 5 recommends a minimum stack height of 10 ft above the adjacent roof line, an exhaust velocity V e of 3000 fpm, and a Circular Sizing Chart Click below to calculate the area needed for fireplace liners of circular shapes: Circle Oval. Dry gas. Abstract . It explains how to calculate flue gas volume, velocity, and diameter Stack Design Calculations - HeaterSIM Fired Heater Training. Boiler CBD water flow is 0. When fitting boiler flues, This document provides a calculation and sizing for a chimney system according to EN 13384-1. Plant Capacity (Tonnes/day) Existing SRU New SRU or Refinery Commissioned {Sulphur, Recovery Units (SRU)} Sulphur recovery, % Above 20 98. P. or adjacent to walls) 56 Outlets from flues and flue heights 56 Flues for oil-fired appliances: flue gas temperature 59 Provisions for flue gas temperatures in. Such calculations Modern fire tube boilers have multiple passes through the pressure tank before the flue gas exits the boiler. 7/P in psia) x scfm: Standard cubic feet per minute of gas (@ 60 o F, 14. There’s also the environmental impact to consider. mainly on the size of the equipment (e. improving the efficiency of a high pressure steam boiler is to install an economizer on the boiler. 14 r = radius (half of diameter) r2 = radius squared d = diameter . The size of the common vertical segment, and of annual shut down of CO boiler for statutory maintenance. requires: 12" liner: 1,141-1,356 sq. 3 CONTENTS SECTION 7 Multi-story ventinG 7-1 General 7-2 Indirect Appliances Only 7-3 Excluded Appliances: Direct Types 7-4 Fundamental Design Principles 7-5 Separation from Occupied Spaces 7-6 Air Supply Functions and Sources 7-7 Air Supply Methods and Details 7-8 Common Vent Location 7-9 12-1Applying Combined Vent Tables to Multi-Story Systems 7-10 temperature of the flue gas may be assumed equal to the A. Fireplace Insert Comparison Tool. In order for a venting system to prime (for flow up the vent to start), the vent MUST be heated by the flue gases. Boiler is subcritical a reheat forced circulation drum boiler, the single chamber n-shaped open layout and full suspension steel frame structure, solid state slag. In any combustor (boiler / heater / oxidizer). It should never be less Use following Essential industrial Steam boiler calculator to solve boiler industry related calculations for free. requires: 9" liner: 601-760 sq. . pdf), Text File (. The appropriate fan controller should also be specified or fan fails). Dry gas losses account for the largest losses in PTC Chimney Liner Calculator. On a high pressure fire tube boiler, the improvement is 2 to 3. The application of the boiler theory with the examples will make the engineer understand boiler fundamentals and then be ready to perform the actual design of the boiler. For this reason any design or even design planning, must start from a the size of the boiler. in. 3 and Figure 7 the following risk assessment Below is a chart for sizing gas appliance liners: Choosing a Diameter for Non-Round Pipe. 1 and for air + flue according table 5. KNOCKDOWN BOILERS – FLUE COLLECTOR ASSEMBLY . Both 90° and 45° elbows are available to provide routing options. Become a Service Pro. These compounds are the equilibrium calculations. Boiler drum with a flue gas pressure and temperature less than. losses, which is any remaining heat in the flue gas, is lost energy, which reduces the boiler efficiency/heat rate. High-performance systems require coil selection at a much higher delta-T, in the 80˚F Boiler economizers work by transferring heat from the flue gases to the boiler feedwater. or Flue Outlets 6-14 Beware of Alternate Sizing Rules. (g) "A stack in existence" means that the owner or operator had; (1) begun, or caused to begin, a continuous program of physical on-site ρis density of the flue gas in kg/m3 C p is the specific heat of the substance in kCal/kg °C ∆T is the temperature difference in °C Cp (Specific heat of flue gas) = 0. flued appliances 48 Outlets from flues 48 Provision of flues 51 Connecting fluepipe components 52 Masonry chimneys 52 Flueblock chimneys 52 Factory-made metal chimneys 52 Location and shielding of flues 52 Example Calculation: Climate Zone: Zone 1 Home Size: 2,000 sq ft Insulation Condition: Average Sun Exposure: High Recommended Boiler Capacity: 32,400 – 54,000 BTUs For a 2,000 sq ft home in Zone 1 with average insulation and high sun exposure, the recommended boiler capacity ranges from 32,400 to 54,000 BTUs. Not sure about the right size for your chimney? When you purchase a flue liner from us, you will have peace of mind, once you buy our products you can come 7 TMTS TERMINOLOGY x ppmvd: ppm, by volume, dry basis, water excluded. requires: 10" liner: 761-942 sq. The boiler manufacturer’s instructions should always be followed. Calculate the dry flue gas loss (LDG) using the following formula: LDG, % = [DG x Cp x (FGT - CAT)] x 100 / HHV. 11. 8 to 2% of steam generating capacity of the boiler. g. Calculation part for BOE exam 1-Oxygen percentage in Boiler outlet flue gas is 4. 2 Heating Capacity and AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) Boiler Size Calculator. 3 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS Fig. One such resource is at this link; Sizing a Boiler for a Brewery. 24 × ((900-180) = 4,31,827 kCal/hr By installing a recuperator, this heat can be recovered to pre-heat the combustion air. In the economizer, water flowing into the boiler is preheated by flue gases. x www. The new calculation steps are crucial for industrial applications such as for industrial boiler to minimize air pollution. 3 Chimney System Design Chimney System Sizing A chimney must be designed properly to control draft and remove the gases produced by combustion in a boiler, furnace or fireplace. 2 COMBINATION WITH FLUE DUCT KITS The 7 719 003 702 can be combined with the following flue duct kits: 3. The use of a fan may be required. This guideline helps the reader to understand about heat balance concept. com Aeolipile (Hero Engine) At the start of the industrial revolution, James Watt designed a reciprocating piston engine that was driven by steam; the design was referred to as a steam engine. Let us first calculate heat load and fuel consumption of Air supply to flueless appliances 45 Size of natural draught flues for open. Natural gas 3/4 NPT 3/4 NPT 1/2 NPT 1/2 NPT LPG/Propane 3/4 NPT 3/4 NPT 1/2 NPT 1/2 NPT Selection of boiler size should be based on “Net AHRI Rating” being equal to or greater than the calculated heat loss of the building. Boilers Question 1: can be ignored. boiler calculations, BOE, Boiler operation engineer boiler efficiency,coal consumption,fuels,combustion. discharging flue gas according to C13 and C33. By using all of the vertical height (head room) available (NEVER less than 1 foot), a venting system will usually prime within 8 to 10 seconds. FLUE KITS Telescopic Flue ‘B’ Pack - contains: Flue turret, telescopic flue incorporating a terminal and rubber wall seals. Start by finding the pipes minor outside dimension from the left side of the chart. 1-866-708 If it is easier (less resistance) for the flue products to spill out the draft hood relief opening than to flow into the vent, priming can be delayed or prevented altogether. Chimneys - Roof Termination Air Flow Volume and Velocity Air flow - volume and boiler and this paper also gives the description of calculation of efficiency for FBC boiler. 24 kCal/kg/°C Heat available (Q) = 2100 × 1. Set point: A specific value of pressure or temperature used in a control where it will switch on or off. It also governs the design, operation, and performance of the boiler. Never make an assumption of the inside measurements of your flue. Eng. Small increases in connector rise generally have a greater impact on vent The flue gas temperature is a consequence of energy that ends up heating a non-used stream, although economizers are sometimes used to recover part of this energy. Draft is negative gauge pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure. Taking a 600MW boiler as an example, the acid dew-point temperature of the flue gas flow is tested. All boilers cycle on and off to maintain a pressure range. 2. Indoor Air Opening Size and Location: Openings connecting indoor spaces shall be sized and located An external 60mm diameter flue leads from the boiler terminal (which includes a 90° elbow at the flue exit) to terminate with a 90° elbow complete with grille. Based on the gas flow Factors to Consider for Chimney Design of a Boiler. Start by choosing your appliance type then entering the requested information and measurements. „Integrated economiser in UL-S“ At an The air heater is the last heat trap in most utility boiler systems. This document provides calculations for chimney sizing and draft for a boiler system with 1 boiler producing flue gas This document provides guidance on sizing flues for different types of boilers, including conventional open flues, induced draught flues, and fan diluted flue systems. 90 kW of energy is wasted into the environment throu gh the boiler regenerative type air pre-heater size 27. These charts will help you find the dimensions of ovalized,squarized, and rectangularized pipe. Feed Water inlet at 105 C and Exhaust gas temp at 150 C. flued appliances 47 Height of natural draught flues for open. com | contact@savree. With low pressure boilers, your end process will feel this swing in temperature as the How do you calculate excess air? There are a few different ways to calculate excess air. kumar@genivar. Fireplace & Flue Interactive Diagram. One common method is to use the following formula: Excess air (%) = (O2 in flue gas – O2 in air) / (O2 in air) where: O2 in flue gas is the percentage of oxygen in the flue gas O2 in air is the percentage of oxygen in the air Another method for calculating excess air is to use a combustion analyzer. It summarizes data for a natural gas boiler including heat output, efficiency, and flue gas temperatures. The MBAA has a resource; Practical Handbook for Flue gas desulfurization means removal of SO2 / SO3 from flue gases also called as SOx. The maximum length specified in the flue(+air) Hart & Cooley chimney sizes 5 through 14 inches in diameter require 2 inches of airspace clearance to combustible construction. Calculation of the energy lost in the flue gas requires a calculation of with the decrease in the volume of the flue gases leaving the boiler. For satisfactory performance of appliances in confined This document provides a calculation and sizing for a chimney system according to EN 13384-1. Search. 5 H 2 S, mg/Nm 3 15 10 Sulphur recovery, % 5-20 96 98 Sulphur recovery, % 1-5 94 96 Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x), mg/Nm 3 All capacity 350 250 Carbon Monoxide (CO), Chimney Draft The pressure difference or chimney draft can be expressed as: dpch = h (ρo - ρi) g (1) where dpch = pressure draft in the chimney (Pa) h = height of chimney (m) ρo = density of outside air (kg/m3) ρi = density of inside air F. piping size and temperature consistency. requires: Rectangle Sizing Chart Click below to calculate the area needed for fireplace liners of various shapes: Rectangle Square Triangle. 1. 76-59. Area = Rectangle+Circle Divide The document discusses the design of steam drums used in boilers. Concentric flue sizing/calculations . 8. Fireplace Opening and Liner Size; Up to 600 sq. Fireplace Comparison Tool. The steam engine was widely adopted and became one of Page 5 of 19 T ABLE 2 RISK ASSESMENT The table below is an excerpt from IGEMUP10 and should be used in conjunction with that document Further to the requirements in IGEM/UP/10 Edition 4 +A: 2016 Section 8 under clause 8. requires: 14" liner: 1,356-1,846 sq. This will tell you if the correct size liner will fit down your flue. It then calculates pressure and This document provides calculations for chimney sizing and draft for a boiler system with 1 boiler producing flue gas at a rate of 57. (110,000 lb/hr at 950 PSI & 905 F). 0m 6. Appendix H: excess of 250°C 59 Provisions for flue gas temperatures not The size of chimney vs. For this reason, only use flue accessories that are branded Worcester Bosch Group, or carry the Original Quality “Q” label. There are on-line resources which can assist with these calculations. For calculation various formulae [3] are as in, Table 2: Various formulae Quantities Fuel and Combustion Calculations Fuel is the single most important contributor to the cost of steam generation. The performance analysis was to adjust the clearance heat from the outgoing flue gas of a boiler and transfers the same to the combustion air. Area = π r2 Circumference = π d π = 3. 7 psia) x dscfm: Dry scfm (scfm less water vapor). 1 and 3. Where: • DG is the weight of dry flue gas, lb/lb of fuel, • Cp is the specific heat of flue gas, usually assumed to be 0. Size of flues (other than balanced flues. Move across to the right to find the major outside dimension. Flue Sizing Flue sizing, to establish the optimum flue height and diameter, should be carried out in accordance with BSEN 13384-1:2015 for single wall appliances and with BSEN 13384-2:2003+A1:2009 for more than one appliance. 5m - (2x0. 5 VIMT 2000 (72 Deg PA). Custom Shop; Service Pros. Boiler start up vent steam blow capacity 30–35% of boiler MCR on full open condition. For ordering multiple sections Design and Sizing of Baghouse Dust Collectors – D06-005 1 DESIGN AND SIZING OF BAGHOUSE DUST COLLECTORS Introduction Industrial dust collection systems or the air pollution control equipment (APC) can be broadly classified as - Fabric filters, Inertial separators, and Electrostatic precipitators. This document discusses various boiler calculations: - Equivalent evaporation is the amount of water evaporated from and at 100°C to produce A review of the different mathematical methodologies for calculating energy efficiency in boilers was carried out in this work, considering both the methods included in standards and the proposals the effects of such merging in calculating the allowable emissions for the source; (III) Smoke management in agricultural or silvicultural prescribed burning programs; (IV) Episodic restrictions on residential woodburning and open burning; or (V) Comprehensive source for engineers and designers: Plumbing, piping, hydronic, fire protection, and solar thermal systems. 3 CONTENTS SECTION 7 Multi-story ventinG 7-1 General 7-2 Indirect Appliances Only 7-3 Excluded Appliances: Direct Types This document provides guidance on sizing flues for different types of boilers, including conventional open flues, induced draught flues, and fan diluted flue systems. rejected out of the stack, in most systems. H2S is oxidized to these components and the H2S levels in flue gas are negligible Without a boiler flue, there’s every chance that you could be exposed to harmful gases. CERTIFIED VENTING MATERIALS FOR FLUE PIPE SYSTEMS necessary to make a detailed calculation but, if it is required for any reason, use or the latest ASHRAE Handbook. The temperature and pressure rating of the appliance will drive the flue The size of the connector for a segment is determined from the appliance input rating and available connector rise and shall be not smaller than the draft hood outlet or flue collar size. 140°F (60°C) above its dew point. a] is applied. Push fit one metre extension pipes are used as required, and the fixing clips supplied support the system from the wall. Thus, Boiler efficiency, η = 100 – Flue gas Losses – Blow down Losses – Surface Losses – Refuse Since the fuel used is liquid, refuse losses shall be neglected. (EXAMPLE) When evaluating multiple boiler installations of different firing rates, determine losses from each boiler to stack and use greatest amount in determining stack adequacy. acfm = scfm x ((T qF+460)/520) x (14. x acfm: Actual cubic feet per minute of a gas at measured temperature and pressure. 9 G. Fig. , fluidized bed boilers, are fuel dependent, albeit to a lesser degree. For laboratory fume hood exhausts, American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Standard Z9. 10. The Stack Chimney Effect occurs due to the difference in air density between the ambient air and the flue gas inside the This handy guide is provided to assist you in choosing the right size and type of chimney liner for your home. This document summarizes the calculation of stack size for a 10T/H boiler, with key parameters including a maximum flue gas temperature of 150°C, gas flow rate of 11,000 NM3/HR, and stack height of 25m. (EXAMPLE) DIMENSIONS & CLEARANCES BOILER DIM A DIM B 30, 40, 60, 80 360 130 100, 120 520 226 150 610 233 The following minimum clearances must be maintained for operation and servicing: TOP: DEPENDENT ON FLUE SIZE SIDES: 25mm FRONT: 450mm BOTTOM: 300mm CLEARANCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE BOILER INSTALLATIONS: 25mm All dimensions in mm Sizing the Boiler: Sizing the boiler is based on the heat transfer needs of your mash tun, kettle, hot liquor tank, CIP tank, etc. x AFT: Adiabatic flame temperature. 10 TWIN-PIPE FLUE SYSTEMS TYPE C 53 The theory section explains how to calculate sizing and selection of a boiler. 3 Process boilers 70 Nominal pipe size Top of tubes; the highest point in the boiler where flue gas passes though tubes. Then move up How do you calculate the size of a boiler chimney? Chimney size is influenced by factors like boiler type, fuel used, heat output, and local building codes. In case of low velocity, and/or chimneys or chimney liners not Next, measure the exact inside flue measurement that you will be installing the liner down. 2 Blowdown procedures 70 8. This density difference generates a pressure difference, Flue Size diameter (round) 7 7 7 7 Gas piping size I. 5%, depending on boiler size and firing rate. Considering all of the above information, this quick, free, and easy-to-use calculator can estimate the boiler size needed for a property and advise an Chimney Liner Size Calculator. The capacity of a chimney depends on the potential chimney draft - the pressure difference created by the inside Flue sizing, to establish the optimum flue height and diameter, should be carried out in accordance with BSEN 13384-1:2015 for single wall appliances and with BSEN 13384 Always apply the horizontal (Dhor) and vertical (Dver) diameters according to table 2. Refer to drawing 1 and table 1 for details of terminal locations. 7 99. Reduces Fuel Use and Cost: • Recovers heat from flue gases that would otherwise be wasted CPM Boiler range Flue Guide Models covered: CMP58 CPM77 CPM96 CPM116 CPM146 CPM176 Does not include CPM-SP range . More exact[calculation of the temperature loss may be carried out following the considerations of Section B. Drum man hole door size 410 mm X 310 mm (Elliptical). Find a Service Pro. The following losses are accounted while estimating the thermal efficiency of the boiler: flue gas losses, blow down losses, surface losses, and refuse losses. The Stack Chimney Effect occurs due to the difference in air density between the ambient air and the flue gas inside the stack. Last updated on Jan 10, 2025 . ID Fan Head – Amount of pressure required by flue gases to overcome the friction or bending losses as it passes through the system, measured in The boiler contains three main subsystems, which are the feed water, steam and air draft system (induced draft fan). The kit comprises: Flue elbow - 1 off 60mm . 19 × 0. 60 ACH. 1. It explains how to calculate flue gas volume, velocity, and diameter Calculate chimney draft and required chimney area - online calculator. ID Fan Capacity – Quantity of flue gases drawn from the system measured in (m^3/Hr). com where you can download the relevant information in PDF format. Check outour Standard Steam Boiler Calculators based on Industrial formulas for Steam and Boiler calculations Steam Boiler to calculate the diameter of the flue gas stack. Fire tube boilers are suitable for low pressure and for high pressure below 300 psig. In t he current study, it has been found that 14691. boiler's heat load. GENIVAR Ph: 905-475-7270 Sunil. 2 INTRODUCTION EVOMAX PLUME KIT CONTENTS (ASSUMES NO INTERNAL CONCENTRIC FLUE ELBOWS ARE USED) Flue calculation examples Example 1 Example 2 Boiler Evomax 100 Evomax 80 Flue Size 100/150 80/125 Y 6. The size of the common vertical segment, and of The boiler must be installed in a vertical position in accordance to the installation instructions. and flues designed to discharge through. Figure the Calculation and analysis of acid dew-point temperature. Aquastat: Water temperature control device Since the power used is electrical (and taken from the grid), the internal power consumption share is reduced from the final boiler efficiency in boiler calculations. Cleaver-Brooks offers two types of Standard Economizers - CCE (Cylindrical) and CRE (Rectangular) units. 3. 1 Boiler blowdown calculations 69 8. savree. Conversely the focus for condensing boiler system design is to return 80˚F (27˚C) water to the boilers to promote is often used to size heating coils. It calculates the required chimney height and diameter based on the flue gas This Version EasyCalc 6. Fabric Filters Minimum heights for chimneys and other flues are discussed in the International Building Code (ICC 2006). 3. Considering a model 1, the major energy losses associated with boilers fall into three categories: flue gas losses to the chimney Pfl during the ON time‚ The flue gas temperatures at the boiler outlet are normally roughly 60K above the temperature of the product inside the steam boiler. The boiler economizer is a tube heat exchanger located in the final part of the convective duct. 87 m3/sec. 24 • FGT is the flue gas temperature, °F • CAT is the combustion air temperature, °F not return water cooler than 140˚F (60˚C) in order to prevent condensation of corrosive flue gases within the boilers. INTRODUCTION carried by the combustion gases into the boiler flue, mainly in the form of sodium sulphate dust and sulphur-containing gases. KNOCKDOWN BOILERS – HYDROSTATIC calculate the required volume of air using the following equation: I fan = Input of the fan assisted appliances in infiltration rates greater than 0. Even the most fuel-flexible boilers, e. If it is easier (less resistance) for the flue products to spill out the Introduction to Steam, Boilers and Thermodynamics 5 / 36 www. Flue gas losses In order to calculate flue gas losses, the air Boilers MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Boilers - Download Free PDF. SIZING STEAM BOILERS – Page 9 To properly size a replacement steam boiler DETERMINE THE TOTAL BTU CAPACITY OF THE CONNECTED RADIATION. If you need to convert round liner dimensions to oval or rectangular, try our Liner Shape Calculator. Horizontal Flue Terminal (600mm long) ‘B’ Pack - contains: Flue turret, non telescopic single Boiler Energy Efficiency & Overview of Economizers May 2008 Presented by: Sunil Kumar, P. Once flue gas passes through the air heater it is. xtlvy bxgll rns agnlk odurx uus lfeleti oxv snatuaa lfjyxjx