Spline module formula. WNXE offers various input options: Notes. Calling interp1d with NaNs present in input values results in undefined behaviour. There are several general facilities available in SciPy for interpolation and smoothing for data in 1, 2, and higher dimensions. The value is calculated from multiplying Module m by Pi(π). Using cardinal splines 5 instead of sinc functions can lessen the magnitude of the errors. This is a sub-module in QuantLib. Splines provide a connection between two shafts or other components that transmit torque and rotation. Factors. Total Depth . com WNXE generates a true-scale drawing of the involute profile of both, internal and external involute spline. 8] and the shift xm [1. Straight cylindrical involute splines manufactured in accordance with ISO 4156 (all parts) are used for clearance, sliding and interference connections of shafts and hubs. Feel free to reach out if you need help or you want to connect! Also, if you are a Developer or Designer and you want to get involved, write us at: See open positions. Python: module spline. This standard provides data and guidance for the design, manufacture, and inspection of straight, non-helical, cylindrical involute splines. B-spline basis elements of degree k form a partition of unity on the base interval, t[k] <= x <= t[n]. numpy. This applies to DIN 5480, DIN 5482, ISO 4156, ANSI B92. For computer programming, the why are splines? well my god I have good news for you, here's why splines!if you like my work, please consider supporting me 💖https://www. Splines may be straight sided, tapered, or have an involute form. 3. Jul 3, 2023 · Resources Community Resources. The x-coordinates of the data points, must be The following online calculator computes the basic dimensions and tooth profile of an involute gear based on its module, number of teeth and pressure angle (the latter is usually 20°). 30 deg Flat Root. Interpolation (. 0 M t = p m · A · R m. Pitch (p) represents the distance between teeth, and since a larger pitch means a larger tooth size and a smaller pitch means a smaller tooth size, the pitch can be used to represent the tooth size. The parameters are assumed to be a non-decreasing sequence. Abscissas. If the values in x are not unique, the resulting behavior is undefined and specific to the choice of kind, i. In the module i made a function called :GetPathLength() it returns the splines total length. Like the sinc function, each cardinal spline anishesv at all integers except the origin, and η n(0) = 1. js' window. Note 1 to entry: For generated splines this curved surface, as generated, varies and cannot be properly specified by a radius of any given value. 5 KB. ReLU or Sigmoid) is not recommended, since B-spline is already adding pretty much non-linearity into the model. Sub-package for objects used in interpolation. Spline is a free 3D design software with real-time collaboration to create web interactive experiences in the browser. The image below the table gives an indication of what the gear might look like. Internal splines may burst due to tensile stress from the radial component of the transmitted load, centrifugal tensile stress, tensile stress due to the tangential force at the pitch line causing bending of the teeth. com/acegik May 16, 2023 · However with splines increasing the module would increase the load on each tooth (because of the decrease in amount of teeth) which is not an issue with gears. 30 deg Fillet Root. L_CSPLINE is used for cubic spline interpolation. /show. In Continuation of Lagrange's Interpolating Formula: Download: 42: Interpolating Polynomial Using Newton's Divided Difference Formula: Download: 43: Examples Based on Lagrange's and Newton's Divided Difference Interpolation: Download: 44: Spline Interpolation: Download: 45: Cubic Spline: Download: 46: Cubic Spline (contd…) Download: 47 The cubic spline is given by the function values in the nodes and derivative values on the edges of the interpolation interval (either of the first or second derivatives). tarray_like, shape (nt + k + 1,), optional. It includes various interpolation methods, solvers, and optimization methods. js: Cubic Spline Mimicking the form of the piecewise linear interpolant, in this case we require that on each subinterval [x i,x i+1] the piecewise interpolant s satisfies s(x) = s i(x) = a i +b i(x−x i)+c i(x−x i)2 +d i(x−x i)3, where a i,b i,c i, and d i are coefficients to be determined. So the increase in bending strength of each tooth might be offset by the increased load each tooth has to bear because of less teeth. Disc or flange micrometers and 3 wires or pins will make the task easier for helicals. 2 is the Module of the spline (size of the tooth) 24 is the Number of Teeth in the spline. Tooth thickness from pin mesurment for internal involute gears or splines. To use the calculator, enter the module and number of teeth and the rest of the table should automatically update. interp. In this section we introduce the basic parts of Spur Gears (Cylindrical gears) and dimensional calculations. ISO straight involute Spline Capacity. For instance, a gear mounted on a shaft might use a male spline on the shaft that matches the female spline on the gear. Input values x and y must be convertible to float values like int or float. Involute Spline is a spline having teeth with involute profiles. mating s(x). Here, a newly developed on-machine non-contact measurement prototype based on laser displacement sensor and rotary encoder is proposed. Due to these requirements, they are generally composed of either carbon steel or stainless steel. Spline module for smooth interpolation in one and two dimensions Class: FloatSpline - 1D cubic spline Constructor: FloatSpline (listOfXYPairs) listOfXYPairs is a sequence (of length N) of sequences containing two floating point elements listing (x, y) data points. As a result of calculations, shear stress τ and crushing stress σcr in the splines are determined. 5 deg Fillet Root. I find Akima splines to be particularly ISO 4156 (all parts) provides the data and indications necessary for the design, manufacture and inspection of straight (non-helical) side-fitting cylindrical involute splines. CAUTION NOTICE:AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. The third example is the interpolation of a polynomial y = x**3 on the interval 0 <= x<= 1. Mewious (Mewious) July 3, 2023, 12:40am #1. Math Module. . Finally, if a local extrema point is needed (local minimum or maximum) a bisection method is used to find the x value where the slope is zero using the extrema(x_low,x_high) function ANSIB92. Term. The spline for this shaft has 21 teeth, 0. 35 '. us Monday-Friday 7a-4. For example, =csinterp1 (A5:A10,B5:B10,N8) will return the interpolated the y value for x at cell N8 based on the six x,y sample To create an equation driven curve: On the Sketch toolbar, click the Spline flyout, and then select Equation Driven Curve or click Tools > Sketch Entities > Equation Driven Curve . Under Equation Type, select Explicit or Parametric. scipy. Because we must use many formulas, it’s better to show the list of symbols and indices utilized. 1345×264 24. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Parameters: xk, yk : array_like. Aug 20, 2018 · In order to control the quality of spline shaft in rolling process, an efficient measurement method for rolling performance evaluation is essential. You can find a list of all of the Spline Event listeners in the Spline Component Props section. Modules can often be W – stands for “Welle” and denotes a Shaft/External spline N – stands for “Nabe” and denotes a Hub/Internal spline 120 is the “Reference Diameter” 3 is the Module of the spline (size of the tooth) 38 is the Number of Teeth in the spline 8f is the Class of Fit letter 2715 - 29th Ave S Minneapolis, MN 55406 SALES@dopplergear. You can use the emitEvent function via the spline ref, passing the event type and the ID of your object. 8h is the Class of Fit. Easy 3d modeling, animation, textures, and more. Module. The choice of a specific interpolation routine depends on the data: whether it is one-dimensional, is given on a structured grid, or is unstructured. 7], check the radio button and enter the grooving diameters [1. 10]. Measurement Over Pins is the measurement between two pins diametrically opposed in an external spline and is normally used for inspection. Jul 28, 2015 · Understanding Gear Profile and Gear Module. Every MTV value could be chosen for multiple knot locations t i. The default L_SPLINE(known_xs,known_ys) uses the "not-a-knot" end conditions. g. fjac BSpline Layer consists of two steps: B-spline expansion and weighted summation. This function takes as required inputs the 1-D arrays x, y, and z, which represent points on the surface \(z=f(x, y). 1416 Mar 4, 1990 · The parameters at which the interpolation B-Spline will intersect the given interpolation points. sided spline [6]. [in] derivativeIndices: The indices corresponding to parameters at which there are derivative Online free gear software, calculate dimension on pins, gear tooth thckness, gear technology, gear education, gear design. The objects can be evaluated with ppval or the underlying data can be read out by unmkpp. 5*3. Calculate the key dimensions for your external spur gear. GearTeq will calculate the tooth thickness for an external spline if a value is entered for the over pin measurement. e. 5 = 1. patreon. 3 min read. 50 is the reference diameter. 10) 3. Sep 19, 2016 · Interpolate a curve at new points using a spline fit. Here is the module I created for this demo. 15. 6. The spline basis function becomes positive when (𝑀 𝑉− 𝑖)+>0, i. D = major diameter of splines (mm) d = minor diameter of splines (mm) l = length of hub (mm) n = number of splines. 1-Dimensional Akima spline implementation [1] with derivatives not only of the function, but also with respect to the original data points. 3, 1. WNXE generates a true-scale drawing of the involute profile of both, internal and external involute spline. order : int. 1415926 = Pitch 4. The function resulting from the equation ( 4) is called involute function inv (α). showImportedMessage = function showImportedMessage() { showMessage() } show. Allowable Tensile Stresses for Involute Splines. jl that has math-related types and methods. Strength of a Splined Connection. Spline Constraints. The default Manufacturing Profile Shift Coefficient is 0. Input the gear's tooth count, pitch (or module), and pressure angle to calculate the pitch diameter, root diameter, and outer diameter. The x-coordinates at which to evaluate the interpolated values. This also generates the tooth dimensions: addendum, dedendum, working depth, and whole depth. An Akima spline is a polynomial spline method that avoids overshooting issues common with many other splines (e. AGMA 945-A18. m= d/T. WNXE software calculates dimensions and profile of external spline (shaft) and internal spline (hub). 19 Aug 20, 2022 · mod_splines. It can be used creatively for puzzles, complex movement animations, drawing ropes, drawing A spline is a ridge or tooth [1] [2] [3] on a drive shaft that matches with a groove in a mating piece and transfers torque to it, maintaining the angular correspondence between them. xnew : array_like. Let us first download the dataset for the tutorial. Total depth is the radial distance between the addendum and the dedendum of a gear. 30p Saturday 7a-12p Symbol for Rules and Formulas (cont) Mar 1, 2004 · The primary function of a spline is to transfer torque from one shaft to another shaft, or to other rotary components such as gears, pulleys, or hubs. Knots. Spur Gear Calculator and Geometry Generator - Download DXF, SVG, csv file. Design Equations and Formula Circular Pitches and Equivalent Diametral Pitches Table. 2M. 37. We will only be considering involute splines here because they are much more common. The x values where spline should estimate the y values. D = Pitch dia of spline (m) m = spline module (m) S = Tooth thickness (m) z = Number of teeth. If instead, the modulem, center distance a and speed ratio i are given, then the number of teeth, z 1 and z 2, would be calculated using theformulas as shown in Table 4. Module (transverse) is used in metric system gears. The table presents the method for calculating the Sep 22, 2019 · DIN 5480 W 50 x 2 x 24 x 8h. 723. Module: is the unit of size that indicates how big or small a gear is. 1 and 6. This module works by creating a spline based on the points you pass through. If the exact values of the first derivative in both boundaries are known, such spline is called clamped spline, or spline with exact boundary conditions. They can be external or internal. The parameters at which the interpolation B-Spline will intersect the given interpolation points. Carl de Boor, A practical guide to splines, Springer, 2001. It is represented by m. See the figure below. The number of knots needs to agree with the number of data points and the number of derivatives at the edges. ) #. Graph functions, plot points, visualize algebraic equations, add sliders, animate graphs, and more. The idea of approximating a function (or interpolating between a set of data points) with a function that is piecewise polynomial takes its simplest form using continuous piecewise linear functions. 3) near and below the major diameter. Note 1 to entry: In the case of an external spline (3. Meaning of symbols a Center distance m Module α Pressure angle Q Dimension over pins or balls β Helix angle r Radius d Diameter Ra Radius to start of active profile g Length of contact s Tooth thickness on diameter d Involute Spline Names, Symbols, and Relations for ANSI Metric Standard. Adjacent images in the section below show Math Module ¶. Online Gear tooth thickness calculator, dimension over and under pins for gears and splines. The ability to create a spline path that can be used for aimations. [in] degree: The degree of the interpolating B-Spline. This produces a so-called "natural" cubic spline and leads to a simple tridiagonal system which can be NOTE 1 : The subscripts 1 and 2 of z 1 and z 2 denote pinion and gear. WNXE offers various input options: Mar 31, 2022 · Implementing Regression Splines in Python. 25-10 inclusive, relating to nominal pressure angles of 30 deg, 37. js: import { showMessage } from '. Allowable Compressive Stresses for Involute Splines. 0. 4. It creates a cubic piecewise polynomial that passes through a given set of control points. At least k+1 coefficients are required for a spline of degree k , so that n >= k+1. The geometry of a simple spur gear tooth is complex. One-dimensional linear interpolation for monotonically increasing sample points. It is known as a cubic spline. It establishes a specification based on the metric module within the range 0. broached, net formed) the fillet may be specified as a true radius. This calculator ensures the tooth thickness on your spur gear or helical gear is the right size using pins commonly found in your machine shop or easily ordered online. increasing orders of continuity at the knots. showImport. Y is a function of X (explicit equations). yarray_like, shape (n, …) Ordinates. 2 of Chapter 6 Spline Functions [Chenney and Kincaid, 2012]. General calculation. Spline Module. The unknown parameter can be approximated based on the specified input values. Pressure Angle Symbols : Formula : (Degree) Definition : The angle of a gear tooth leaning against a normal reference line. " Problem is worse for splines: each is fit locally so no global constraint ! Natural cubic splines enforce linearity beyond boundary knots! Starting from a cubic spline basis, the natural cubic spline basis is ! Derivation N 1(x)=1 N Solution. 3D sketches support parametric equations only. 876. Diametral Pitch, Module, Circular Pitch . Default is cubic, k = 3. Diametric, module and circular pitches Conversion. , changing kind will change the behavior for duplicates. Numerous dimensional parameters define the shape of the tooth profile, determine how the gears fit together, and identify locations where forces act at the gear teeth. This must be greater than zero. fvec. Allowable Shear Stresses for Involute Splines. DIN 5480 Formulas According to the formulas in DIN 5480 (Table 3), 3 of 4 known rack profile parameters can be specified: reference diameter (d_B), normal module (m), number of teeth (Z), addendum modification coefficient (x). Note that y’ = 3 * x**2 and thus y’(0) = 0 and y’(1) = 3. t0 = 15, v(t0) = 362. Flexible spline allows some rocking motion whereas fixed spline allows no relative or rocking motion between two Input: Number of teeth: N: Module: m: Helix angle on pitch diameter: h: Normal pressure angle on pitch diameter: An: Normal arc tooth thickness on pitch diameter: Jan 22, 2020 · Involute splines require materials that offer both strength and durability. Since we want to evaluate the velocity at t = 16 and use linear spline interpolation, we need to choose the two data points closest to t = 16 that also bracket t = 16 to evaluate it. The shape of input could be (N, L, *, C). 2M, ANSI B92. B-spline degree. Then. To achieve that we need to specify values and first derivatives at endpoints of the interval. Gear Design and Selection Application. First let’s understand what the pitch is, Pitch is the arc length between corresponding points on adjacent teeth, usually on the reference circle. Enter the module or Diametral Pitch [1. As listed below, this sub-package contains spline functions and classes, 1-D and multidimensional (univariate and multivariate) interpolation classes, Lagrange and Taylor polynomial interpolators, and wrappers for FITPACK and DFITPACK functions. The spline coefficients are calculated using the spline(x,y) interface (for natural spline) or spline(x,y,dy_1,dy_n) for known end slopes. Loading the Dataset. It is the ratio of the reference diameter of the gear divided by the number of teeth. 00m Apr 20, 2019 · The module is probably the most important gear parameter, and it appears almost everywhere in teeth calculation formulas. 2. 1. For splines formed directly by a tool (e. All calculated values in Table 4. For 1D cubic spline interpolation, the spline objects can be calculated via spline. In the previous pages, we introduced the basics of gears, including 'Module', 'Pressure Angle', 'Number of Teeth' and 'Tooth Depth and Thickness'. Spline is a module for AGS ( Advanture Game Studio) engine. Compute the (coefficients of) interpolating B-spline. Jan 27, 2022 · A generalized spline over an edge labeled graph is a vertex labeling by elements of [Formula: see text], such that the labels of any two adjacent vertices agree modulo the label associated to the The function mkpp creates spline objects, given knots and coefficients of the polynomial pieces. Involute splines have teeth similar to gear teeth except spline teeth are The number of function calls. The spline connection can have a loose, sliding, or pressed-fit condition. The nth cardinal spline, ηn, gives piecewise polynomial interpolation with order n polynomials. I recommend watching the youtube series Splines in 5 Minutes by professor Steve May 19, 2013 · 2) The module, m, expresses the size of the teeth and thus also the total number of teeth and the overall size of the gear wheel. We will be loading the dataset using the read_csv function of the pandas module in Python. With this you can easily get the needed T value by just doing local T = Distance / PathLength Natural Cubic Splines ©Emily Fox 2014 9 ! For polynomial regression, fit near boundaries is erratic. Thus the formula of module calculation is as following: Module ( M ) = Reference Diameter ( R d ) / Number of Tooth ( N t ) Reference Diameter (R d) = Reference Diameter ( R d ) / Module ( M ) Reference Diameter (R d) = π x Module ( M ) For Example: Module 1. There are two basics types of splines: the flexible spline (working) and the fixed splined (nonworking). Formula. Alternatively, the x and y data points can be input Nov 15, 2018 · Splines –Design and Application. 5 deg, and 45 deg. Methods ‘trf’ and ‘dogbox’ do not count function calls for numerical Jacobian approximation, as opposed to ‘lm’ method. Clearance . Trigger Spline events from outside. 5. You can trigger any animation Event you set in the Events panel in the Spline Editor. 4 DP Please note: the above formulae relates to standard outside diameters and pitch diameters. t1 = 20, v(t1) = 517. 14. MODULE (METRIC) Module represents the amount of Pitch Diameter (mm) per tooth To obtain the If you have the Formula Module Pitch Diameter and the Number of Teeth MOD = PD N Module Circular Pitch MOD = CP 3. Another difference between diametrical pitches and modules is that the pitch diameter is always measured in inches, while modules are measured in millimeters. Returns the one-dimensional piecewise linear interpolant to a function with given discrete data points ( xp, fp ), evaluated at x. The spline coefficients are stored together with the input (x,y) nodes in a user-defined type called spline. [in] derivativeIndices: The indices corresponding to parameters at which there are derivative 90 Bissel Street Joliet, IL 60432 phone 800. continuity. Sections 6. 18 basic circular space width E for 30°, 37,5° and 45° pressure angle (3. where: Wall thickness of internal spline. 7216 fax 815. Using the median location for the MTV variable, the The module CubicSpline contains four functions: Functions csinterp1 will perform a cubic spline interpolation of a single abscissa (x value) given a set of x,y pairs as a column of x values and a column of y values. Fixed connection: 2. 5]. Modules are equal to the pitch diameter divided by the number of teeth in a single gear. when MTV values exceed the t i value. A gear wheel can be fully defined with as few as two parameters: the number of teeth ( z ) and module ( m ). Module . On the line [1. 78. Le = Effective Length of spline = Straight Length (m) h = Depth of engagement of spline teeth. This article will address splines with an involute tooth form, since they are so widely used in the industry. , our standard splines are cold formed from 1117 mild steel, but, depending on the needs of the customer, other materials are available. The torque transmitting capacity of splines is given by, Eq. The default output is a piecewise polynomial data structure array that can be used by L_PPVAL for Formula : πm Definition : Reference Pitch is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth. m. I chose m=2. 7, 1. urthermoreF lim n→∞ η (x) = sinc(x). Actually, it is not so difficult to understand as you might imagine. Parent topic: Engineer's Handbook. May 31, 2022 · The piecewise cubic polynomials, then, are known and \ (g (x)\) can be used for interpolation to any value \ (x\) satisfying \ (x_ {0} \leq x \leq x_ {n}\) The missing first and last equations can be specified in several ways, and here we show the two ways that are allowed by the MATLAB function spline. As a note, if the evaluation point x is outside the defined range for the spline, then a linear iterpolation is done from the ends of the spline. 9207 2 info@omnigear. The default is a bicubic spline, kx=ky=3. Symbol. 5 to 10 module. 12), measured at the pitch diameter (3. The dataset is about the wages of people along with a lot of information about the people getting paid. The residual values evaluated at the solution, for a 1-D sigma this is (f(x, *popt)-ydata)/sigma. 7124 mm. Flexible connection: where: Panel (a) shows the bases 1, x, x2, x3, panel (b) the bases (x 1)3 + and (x 2)3 +. SimpleSpline is a open source module that creates spline objects easily by using CatRom. Module = (Reference Diameter) / (Number of Teeth) m = d / z. Involute Spline Names, Symbols, and Relations for ANSI Metric Standard. A cubic spline can represent this function exactly. Minimum splines length to transfer the torque . Spur Gear and Assembly Builder - Download DXF, SVG *** Spur Gear design formula for geometry, pitch, tooth clearance and critical functional data. \) The spline orders in x and y directions can be specified via the optional parameters kx and ky. interpolate. The shaft is under the action of torque T . Therefore the number of teeth, N, is N=P/m=76/2=38. 1 are based upon given module m and number of teeth (z 1 and z 2). The dataset can be downloaded here. Plus, combining B-Spline Layer with any activation function (e. 4]. Notes: Tables of the various factors and design strengths are found on webpage. The profile drawing can be used for profile projector, wire eroding machine, 3D printer etc. The ratio between the pitch diameter and the number of teeth is known as the module. DIN 5480 N 50 x 2 x 24 x 9H. Further, the involute splines guarantee self-centering action of hub and shaft which are being under load. (3) Step 4: Diametral pitch and Module. Allowable Pressure for Involute Splines. If you put out-of-range values into any of the fields, it'll probably look wrong! To use a gear in your chosen CAD system, you can download a DXF (or SVG). The two points are t0 = 15 and t1 = 20. L_SPLINE can be used to create a Natural Cubic Spline by specifying "free" for both cond_start and cond_end, but the L_NSPLINE function uses a more efficient algorithm. #. 1, and similar splines Oct 31, 2018 · The angle φ describes the “thickness” of the involute tooth, so to speak. The derivative of the entire curve is continuous and the slopes at each control point can be specified. , cubic splines), resulting in a more natural curve. For the calculation, the number of splines Jul 19, 2017 · July 19, 2017. We used a linear spline function to determine the relationship between MTV and PFS in all cohorts. 4) it is located near and above the minor diameter, and on an internal spline (3. For (smooth) spline fitting to a 2-D surface, the function bisplrep is available. You can make use of the shaft coupling calculation, in which these values are mentioned for various standards. Mar 17, 2018 · If you export function xyz, you must import { xyz } If you export default function xyz, you must import xyz or import { default as xyz } See this article for more information on the module syntax. 13) splines, half the circular pitch (3. Clearance is the difference between the dedendum of one gear and the addendum of the mating gear. The x and y values that define the curve. The prototype is intended for the automated evaluation of the spline shaft rolling performance by measuring the Module Diametral Pitch MOD = 25. Dec 31, 2020 · Step 3: Internal and external splines. . Using equation ( 1 ), the following relationship can be established between the angles φ and α: ⌢ ST = ¯ TP rb ⋅ (φ + α) = rb ⋅ tan(α) φ = tan(α) − α. In this calculation, a splined connection with a length L, height H and width b at a shaft with a diameter D is considered. Additional coefficients, c[j] with j > n, are ignored. At Grob, Inc. Enter the number of grooving teeth [1. t w = D oi - D ri [in] Modules are the unit size that represents how big or small a single gear is. Dec 15, 2023 · You can easily translate a distance value to a T value. The function in the lower right 160 panel is continuous, and has continuous first and second derivatives at the knots. Standard micrometers work for the 2-pin spur solutions. Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. The shape of output is (N, L, *, C, n_bases). Since for n + 1 given Dec 29, 2023 · 13. (Module. Figure 8: Experimental set up for centering torque measurement. The second derivative of each polynomial is commonly set to zero at the endpoints, since this provides a boundary condition that completes the system of m-2 equations. Step 3: 3) Draw a vertical construction line through the centre and a horizontal tangent to the circle. External in the shaft and internal in the hub. gives. The module (m) is a unit of gear tooth size defined by ISO. Addendum Symbols : Formula : 1. It splines used are Catmull Rom splines. Where: M t = transmitted torque (N-mm) p m = permissible pressure on spline (N/mm 2) A = total area of splines (mm 2) R m = mean radius of Oct 11, 2019 · A measurement activity was undertaken to determine the torque required to center a shaft with an applied radial load near the spline at one end. Two of the most important parameters, often confused with each other 4 days ago · A cubic spline is a spline constructed of piecewise third-order polynomials which pass through a set of m control points. This module provide two related functins: The ability to draw splines. Radial load tensile stress. Gears will only mesh with each other if they have teeth of the same module. W – stands for “Welle” and denotes a Shaft/External spline N – stands for “Nabe” and denotes a Hub/Internal spline. 75 mm module, 30-degree pressure angle. aq cz dk yt bz ez qu vk zj st