Micro fresnel lens. The index of refraction of these arrays are 1. The Fresnel lens profiles were designed to operate in the paraxial domain having a Nov 20, 2020 · By using a micro-Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) array instead of the refractive lens array, the integral imaging system can be applied in X-ray. It reviews the principles, characteristics, and fabrication techniques of micro Fresnel lenses. Find a dealer near you. Others were made in England. 57λ, to the best of our knowledge, represent the best performance among any types of flat high-NA micro Jun 23, 2020 · Low-voltage-driven smart glass based on micro-patterned liquid crystal Fresnel lenses. Warranty void notice. Feb 23, 2018 · The lenses are designed such that a small change in the distance between them, Δx ~ 1 μm, leads to a large tuning of the focal length (Δf ~ 36 μm change in the front focal length from 781 to Jun 1, 2013 · In this Letter we disclose a method to fabricate a liquid crystal (LC) Fresnel zone lens (FZL) with higher efficiency. In order to obtain a compact MCL and narrow and high quality collimated beam, a short focal length micro Fresnel lens (MFL) has been utilized for the first time as Feb 1, 2009 · Alternatively, extrinsic micro-lenses can be later deposited at the end of the fiber by various techniques such as attaching or splicing a micro-bead [12] or graded-index (GRIN) lens [13] on the Jul 12, 2009 · There are three common types of optical component made by forming numerous very small grooves and/or mounds on a plane surface. 5-mm-diameter lenses embedded in a sheet of flexible plastic. The novel high-transmittance Fresnel lens comprises a lens body, one surface of the lens body is a smooth surface, and the other surface of the lens body is a curved surface with grooves. In addition to the FZPs flexibility, the lenses themselves are tunable—a feat not possible with rigid refractive lenses. Apr 29, 2009 · A novel optical accelerometer based on a Fresnel diffractive micro lens has been designed, fabricated, and tested. 28 (16):3434-42. It is experimentally demonstrated that the lens arrays showed uniform focusing characteristics, and Feb 1, 2016 · It is composed of a DUV filter, a stack of two diffusers, and two plano-convex (PCX) lens. Jan 1, 2022 · A systematic comparison between DRT turning and diamond milling is performed, in terms of material removal mechanism, machining efficiency and surface topography. Development of a double-sided micro lens array for micro laser projector application. Laser beam lithography for micro-Fresnel lenses (MFLs) with blazed grooves is proposed and demonstrated including the system configuration and characteristics of the resulting lenses. May 7, 2015 · The HCTA micro-lenses with focusing efficiencies up to 82%, and FWHM spot sizes down to 0. Feb 1, 1987 · Rectangular-apertured micro-Fresnel lens arrays are proposed. designs and manufactures high-quality Fresnel lenses and plastic optical components to meet your needs. 6 mm is described as well as a Sep 24, 2021 · In this paper, a novel machining method, diamond micro-scraping (DMS), is developed to provide a possible solution for the fabrication of polygonal Fresnel lens structure on the roller mold. Article. In this work, we tackle this challenge by employing a metasurface to holographically cast virtual information, from 2D patterns on a CLD, onto the fovea region of the retina in a pixel-by-pixel manner. Apr 18, 2013 · A small Fresnel lens array was diamond turned in a single crystal (0 0 1) InSb wafer using a half-radius negative rake angle (−25°) single-point diamond tool. This may have an important impact on the FZP imaging performance. However, the micron-to-millimeter-scale structures represented by the Fresnel lens design bring more stringent requirements for 3D OPC, which poses significant challenges to the accuracy of models and the efficiency Blazed reflection micro-Fresnel lenses and their use in an integrated focus sensor are proposed. Jan 25, 2024 · Experimentally proposing the first ultrathin microwave graphene-based Fresnel lenses. Fresnel lens were invented by French physicist Augustin Jean Fresnel (1788-1827) and used in lighthouses all around the 1 micro-Fresnel lens array and other novel three-dimensional alignment structures. Here we will compute the necessary lens diameter for a Fresnel lens without a reflector: F = 2 · z · tan Q. Focusing properties of the zone plate lens were experimentally Apr 26, 2023 · It can create the complex micro-structured surfaces such as three-focus Fresnel lens, micro cube corners, and freeform micro-lens array under the C-axis mode for re-orientating or re-positioning. 6 has shown that a Fresnel design is not a requirement for a compact/light telephoto lens. Theoretical analysis indicates that the optical characteristics of reflection Fresnel lenses can be improved compared with a conventional transmission micro-Fresnel lens. Research on light field imaging based on compound eye ultra-precision machining. In Jan 1, 2001 · An all glass Fresnel lens (AGFL) was fabricated by glass molding with a vitreous carbon (VC) micro mold. The focusing of G-Fresnel lens with different incident wavelength, focal length, and period of grating are explored. Section 4 summarizes and evaluates the various lithographic techniques for fabricating micro-Fresnel lenses. Early stepped–surface lenses. Section 3 presents the fabrication of Fresnel lens and a new technology to improve the lens quality. ID 233102); published April 3, 2015 In this Letter, we disclose a fast switchable Fresnel zone lens (FZL) by confining the ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) in Mar 1, 2024 · The Fresnel lens array on the roller mold can be utilized on cost-effective mass production of polymer Fresnel lenses by roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography and it yields high optical efficiency for micro-concentrator photovoltaics (Jacobo-Martín et al. However, in the fabrication of a Fresnel micro-lens array by conventional diamond turning, the discontinuous features of the surface profile cause interference between the tool flank face and the finished surface. These lens arrays have been fabricated by an electron-beam writing system specially developed for the fabrication of microoptical devices. When it comes to the miniaturization of lenses, tradi- Jul 1, 2013 · The focusing performance of micro grating-Fresnel (G-Fresnel) diffractive optical element is investigated, for the first time, by finite-difference time-domain method based on rigorous electromagnetic theory. The resolution is even better than that of electron-beam lithography in forming 1-μm deep relief gratings in resist. When it comes to the miniaturization of lenses, traditional optics Aug 15, 1989 · Physics. Aug 15, 1989 · Blazed reflection micro-Fresnel lenses and their use in an integrated focus sensor are proposed. Polymer aspheres. This paper presents the micro-array of Si-Fresnel rings fabricated by the electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. 58(4), 1146 (2019). 561 at 248 nm, and 1. The Fresnel lens construction design allows for large aperture and short focal length with less mass and volume compared with a conventional lens design. An Improved 3D OPC Method for the Fabrication of High-Fidelity Micro Fresnel Lenses. . Dynamic rotating-tool turning2. The curved surface is provided with N micro-nano units, each micro-nano unit is of a triangular pyramid May 1, 1993 · A GRIN type Fresnel lens uses uniform material, 5(p) = constant. The Examples include customized micro-lens arrays (MLA) for wave-front sensing [5,6], virtual reality/augmented reality displays [7,8], super hydrophobic lenses for the humid outdoor environment , bionic compound eye lenses [10,11] for zoom imaging, Fresnel lenses for visual correction [12,13], Fresnel zone plates for lensless imaging [14,15], and Aug 23, 2021 · Abstract. 28. 5 mm diameter, 14. The proposed process is further verified by machining a large-area lens array and an array of micro Fresnel lenses. In the near field the structure will be ”imaged” after a multiple of a certain distance, the so called Talbot length. フレネルレンズ （ 英: Fresnel lens [1] [freɪˈnɛl lɛnz, ˈfrɛznəl lɛnz] ）は、通常の レンズ を同心円状の領域に分割し厚みを減らしたレンズであり、 のこぎり 状の断面を持つ。. Jun 1, 2020 · In this paper, a novel machining method, diamond micro-scraping (DMS), is developed to provide a possible solution for the fabrication of polygonal Fresnel lens structure on the roller mold. Feb 7, 2024 · Looking across different systems, Nikon's Phase Fresnel (PF) lens seems to do much better in terms of weight for aperture. W. Hence, a new machining method, diamond micro-scraping (DMS), combined with Fresnel lenses and other optical products for use with visible and near-infrared light; these products are also moldable from our POLY IR® materials, which transmit in various windows in the infrared. The ratio of the lens thickness to the operation wavelength can reach factors of 1 0 − 7. Sep 1, 2021 · In roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing of optical films, machining the microstructure on the roller mold is a crucial step. Fresnel micro-structured lenses retain the refractive function of traditional convex/concave lenses, but reduce the thickness, volume and weight [3,4]. 6 mm is described as well as a Apr 15, 2015 · In this Letter, we disclose a fast switchable Fresnel zone lens (FZL) by confining the ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) in multiple microscopically defined photo-aligned alignment domains. A digital CCD camera is used for imaging with high resolution (1920 × 1080 pixels). A simple spectrometer with an MFL (4. This paper describes the design methodology for a novel Fresnel lens. Then, Section 4 introduces a new method for evaluating the quality of Fresnel surface. Micro lenses are basic components of micro optics. By adopting a small angle between the cutting edge and the tangent of the objective surface, this Aug 19, 2005 · The development of germanium Fresnel lenses not only improves the optical imaging quality but also enables the miniaturization of optical systems. 10. Micro-lens arrays consist of numerous small lenses (lenslets) placed close together on a plane substrate. That's 600mm/F8, and since MFT is basically the 1/4 center crop compared to Jul 16, 2020 · Integral imaging is an autostereoscopic and multiscopic 3D display technology that uses double micro-lens arrays S. Feb 1, 1995 · The dispersion characteristics of a diffractive micro-Fresnel lens (MFL) which is mass-produced for a laser diode collimator are examined for novel applications. Abstract. The NTKJ provides made-to-order plastic lens manufacturing service as well as selling off-the-shelf fresnel, lenticular lenses and micro lens arrays for LED illumination, analytical instrument and imaging application. Optical Review, 2012, 19(4): 238-241. 5kg. 5 is also lighter than either the Sigma or Oly 300mf4 and this Nikon lens is not a Fresnel design either. Several methods have been used for fabricating micro Fresnel lenses of this type [19]. Micro-patterned photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystal Fresnel zone lens. A hexagonal array of PR nanopillar arrays with sub-micrometer scale could be prepared, as shown in Fig. Received January 26, 2015; revised March 2, 2015; accepted March 12, 2015; posted March 13, 2015 (Doc. Full-text available the micron-to-millimeter-scale structures represented by the Fresnel lens Oct 31, 1994 · A micromachined 8 x 1 vertical three-dimensional micro-Fresnel lens array and its hybrid integration with a self-aligned vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array have been demonstrated for the first time. 4 and a working distance of 21 mm is used to illuminate the light onto the micro FZPs arrays. 444 at 1550 nm. Fast switching ferroelectric Dec 9, 2016 · The invention relates to a novel high-transmittance Fresnel lens based on a micro-nano structure. The engineers say their FZPs could prove useful in many applications, including medical imaging, contact Dec 10, 2018 · In this study, two factorial designs of experiments (DOE) were carried out to investigate the replication capability of IM and ICM on a micro structured Fresnel lens. Tilted exposure solve this problem integrate a micro-Fresnel lens to focus light from a single pixel,35 however, displaying 2D patterns is still challenging. As it usually has a low profile height, the curvature profile of each ring is usually simplified to profiles comprising of straight lines, and the entire Fresnel lens can be described with Nov 1, 2021 · In this paper, a background of Fresnel lens is provided with recent industrial applications in modern optics. 24 μm, and are Accordingly, a period of each zone becomes two times, comparing with a conventional Fresnel lens having a value for giving a phase shift whose height is 2pi. Recently developed elliptical fresnel lens can be used to make freeform lenses thinner and lighter. Fresnel Lens. Fresnel lenses are lenses composed of a series of concentric rings. Sep 7, 2022 · Replacement Fresnel lens - This item is the lens in front of the "motion sensor. At Shanghai optics we produce both 1- and 2- dimensional arrays, in a variety of different configurations, sizes, and focal lengths. Individual May 3, 2016 · The micro Fresnel lens has been demonstrated in applications such as holograms 7, 3D integral imaging 8 and laser processing 9. The proposed design aims to achieve Feb 8, 2016 · Recently, micro-lenses have attracted more attention among optoelectronics device application developers. These reflection Fresnel lenses were fabricated using electron-beam lithography and exhibited the diffraction-limited focusing Jul 5, 2021 · In roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing of optical films, machining the microstructure on the roller mold is a crucial step. The sensing principle has been described. MICRO FRESNEL LENS A micro Fresnel lens (MFL) which is constructed with stepped setback of many divided annular zones as shown in Fig. Replacement Fresnel lens - This item is the lens in front of the "motion sensor. Micro lens array can be used as an instrument for detection of wave front distortion. First, a comparison is made between the micro/nanofabrication methods for micro-FZP, namely, focused ion beam (FIB) and electron beam lithography, and the results show that FIB The micro Fresnel lens has been demonstrated in applications such as holograms7, 3D integral imaging 8, and laser processing 9. USD $ 4. That is, even in case of the same numerical aperture NA, the period of each zone becomes (n) times by setting the height of the lens to (n) times. The experimental results show that a form accuracy of about 0. 1. Principle of DRT turning Jan 6, 2009 · We present a compact all-fiber zone plate lens directly ablated on the surface of a mode-expanded hybrid fiber end by using a high precision femtosecond laser processing technique. With the help of these three-dimensional structures, self-aligned integration of the micro-Fresnel lens array and an 8 x 1 vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) ar- ray is realized for the first time with passive alignment. M ost lenses were handmade and shipped unassembled from France. Lens arrays for passive infrared (PIR) motion detection. High-precision Fresnel micro-structured mold is the key technology to achieve its large-scale フレネルレンズ. Imagine that lens coupled with the OM-1, with the addition of 2x TC, you are looking at 755 + 599 + 150 = 1. A Fresnel diffractive lens with 8 mm focal length for a 632. Nishihara et al. However, a trimmed radial Fresnel lens structure is discontinuous, and direct diamond cutting the trimmed radial Fresnel lens structure array on the surface of a roller mold was considered infeasible. com Dec 9, 2023 · Based on three-dimensional optical proximity correction (3D OPC), recent advancements in 3D lithography have enabled the high-fidelity customization of 3D micro-optical elements. A laser beam lithographed MFL with a diameter as large as 9. Reflection micro-Fresnel lenses and their use in an integrated focus sensor. 1. A phenomena associated with a periodical phase altering element like a micro lens array is the Talbot effect. 99. •. 3. The desired phase shift is obtained by varying the thickness of the lens, t(p). In the machining, the cutting process is mainly controlled by linear slide servo motions and the C-axis is only used to orientate or position May 26, 2020 · Micro-Fresnel lenses are a type of microlens that focuses light by refracting it with a set of concentric curved surfaces. Fresnel lenses are widely used in projection display [ 5 ], photography [ 6 ], lighting optics [ 7 ], and solar energy [ 8 ]. C Y Chan, L H Li, W B Lee, et al. Another option is to modify the LC mixture itself. Feb 21, 2024 · In this paper, the detection methods and detection systems for the subwavelength focusing optical field of the micro-Fresnel zone plate (FZP) are experimentally studied. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(17): 50-57. Changing the intensity of the focused wave by altering the number of the graphene layers. 1364/AO. A good agreement between the design and fabricated FZP Each groove of the Fresnel lens is a small piece of the aspheric surface, translated to-ward the plano side of the lens. The electron-beam-written resist film made of polymethyl isopropenyl ketone and an aromatic azido compound achieved the blazed structure by O2 plasma development. The surface roughness of the RMFL was improved without the bridge and scum. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "I Micro Fresnel Lenses" by H. Among them, the most successful one is the electron-beam lithography technique [19,25]. The FZPs are designed by adopting modal analysis and free-space diffraction, which are experimentally implemented by locally ablating silica glass using femtosecond laser pulses. 2. 3 g. Acoustic Fresnel Mar 1, 2024 · The Fresnel lens array on the roller mold can be utilized on cost-effective mass production of polymer Fresnel lenses by roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography and it yields high optical efficiency for micro-concentrator photovoltaics (Jacobo-Martín et al. Insiders Club USD $ 3. Feb 7, 2024 · But! Looking across different systems, Nikon's Phase Fresnel (PF) lens seems to do much better in terms of weight for aperture. Discover the world's research. Sep 15, 2020 · These lenses, while being still nearly planar, have multiple phase levels to achieve phase shifts other than 0 and 180 degrees as used in conventional, two phase Fresnel lenses. The micro circular grooves are carved with extreme accuracy following mathematical profile in order to have a symmetrical distortion and aberration profile to be corrected very easy through software. 3 μm P-V and a smooth surface were obtained and it is clarified that this proposed molding method is useful. ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ma, Y. Where F is the necessary lens diameter, z is again the LED to lens distance (or as descri-bed previously, the effective lens to LED die image distance) and Q is the emission half angle of the LED. More information. Mar 1, 2022 · Fresnel micro-lens arrays with close-to-wavelength features have significant advantages in minimization of optical systems. I hope we do see more compact Telephoto lenses for m43. To achieve a sufficiently large beam size and focusing efficiency, a segment of a coreless silica fiber having a 200-mum diameter was adapted. To demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, ordinary-type Fresnel (zone-plate) lenses and a special-type lens for converting an incident The microfabrication of a blazed reflection micro-Fresnel lens (RMFL) using electron-beam writing and dry development is proposed and demonstrated. We used a sharply pointed diamond tool to generate the micro Fresnel structures under three-axis ultraprecision numerical control. POLY IR® materials for use from the near- to the far-infrared. If the zone pattern is precisely fabricated, lens characteristics such as the focal length are obtained as designed. The original Fresnel lens is obtained from a plano-convex lens, whose spherical surface is split into a number of divisions (called facets), collapsed onto the flat base. The machined array consisted of three concave Fresnel lenses cut under different machining sequences. Oct 30, 2015 · Aberrations of lenses should be small enough (less than 1-wave) to create sharp images. The tilt of each sur-face must be modified slightly from that of the original portion of aspheric surface, in order to compensate for the translation. a) b) Figure 2. There is a 300mm/F4 that's 755g. The photo-alignment (PA) offers good control on the anchoring energy (W) by mean of irradiation doses (ID) and thus excellent alignment for FLCs. We also produce diffraction grating, optical roll molds, free-form surface lenses and elliptical lenses, spheric and aspheric lenses, UV and IR May 21, 2023 · The Fresnel lens represented a major improvement in optical technology and is now used in a host of applications, including automotive headlights and brake lights, overhead projectors, and—still Fresnel Technologies Inc. In the glass molding process, a glass plate was heated up to its softening temperature and Today Fresnel lenses are composite lenses with aspherical profile in the center. 3 Laser beam lithography for micro-Fresnel lenses (MFLs) with blazed grooves is proposed and demonstrated including the system configuration and characteristics of the resulting lenses. Apr 15, 2015 · In this Letter, we disclose a fast switchable Fresnel zone lens (FZL) by confining the ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) in multiple microscopically defined photo-aligned alignment domains. With their unique three-dimensional and array structures, they are suitable for integration with other similarly fabricated micro-optical components such as rotatable mirrors Feb 27, 2018 · F Z Chen, C H Chen, C H Wu, et al. These arrays are manufactured from high quality fused silica, and optimal performance range is from 193 nm to 2. 3. The overall focus of the system depends on the focal length and location of the lenses including micro FZPs and macro lenses. Skip to main content (817) 926-7474 | info@fresneltech. However, in the fabrication of an array of Fresnel micro-lenses by Replacement Fresnel lens - This item is the lens in front of the "motion sensor. The LCFZL, based on alternate twisted nematic (TN) and planar aligned (PA) regions, has been prepared by means of a two-step photo-alignment process. et al. Fresnel rings units containing 11 concentric rings were created on the PMMA layer with the outermost Fresnel ring, having an external diameter of 45. Thus, all the facets of the original Fresnel lens have the same radius as that of the plano-convex lens. The diameter of the lens L 3 is 1 inch. Because the zon~ periods of the MFL outer portion are close to a optical wavelength, the MFL works on the theory of diffraction. The high NA of lens L 2 allows for We produce plastic optical products of practically any size, including Fresnel lens, lenticular lens, sheet prism, linear Fresnel lens, fly’s-eye lens (Micro Lens Array – MLA)and aspheric lenses. We have proposed a new fabrication technique for micro lenses that uses electron-beam lithography and have developed an electron-beam lithography system that is specially designed for this purpose. It is stressed that the electron-beam writing technique is important for obtaining a Fresnel Technologies designs and manufactures molded plastics, precision optics, Fresnel lenses, PIR lenses, and infrared-transmitting materials. Two-focus and three-focus micro Fresnel lenses are designed and manufactured by controlling the movement of nonrotational diamond cutting edge along the Mar 7, 2013 · We report a novel process to directly inscribe a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens on the cleaved facet of a hard clad polymer fiber using a femtosecond pulsed laser. Fresnel Lenses (817) 926-7474 | info@fresneltech. " Fresnel lens for LINK-MICRO | E-5ZONEN-MICRO To be able to use the full range of Shopware 6, we recommend activating Javascript in your browser. Appl. " In most cases, the user will need to open the camera case to replace the Fresnel Lens. , 2021). Jan 1, 1987 · This chapter discusses micro fresnel lenses. Jan 1, 1987 · This chapter discusses micro fresnel lenses. Aug 19, 2005 · The study deals with the manufacture of multiple-focus micro Fresnel lenses by means of nonrotational diamond cutting tools mounted on a 5-axis control ultraprecision machining center with the Oct 1, 2023 · Section 2 introduces the basic concepts of the Fresnel lenses, and discusses the effect of parameters of a real Fresnel VR lens on the perceived image quality. Jan 1, 2007 · Needs of digital devices are increasing rapidly in recent years, and the demands of a micro Fresnel glass lenses are increasing especially in a DVD pick-up and dark field systems for automobiles. These reflection Fresnel lenses were fabricated using electron-beam The Fresnel lens is the 1822 invention of French physicist Augustine Fresnel who invented a lens that would make his name commonplace along the seacoasts of Europe and North America. This is followed by a review and discussion on the recent advances in micro machining of Fresnel lens features on molds. The Nikon 400mm f4. 分割数を多くすればするほど薄くなるため、材料を減らし軽量に Jan 1, 2018 · A Fresnel lens is designed by collapsing the curvature profile of a standard spherical or aspheric lens onto a plane to form a series of annular prism rings. I think the Sigma 500mm f5. However, a trimmed radial Fresnel lens structure is discontinuous, and Jun 30, 2020 · Fresnel micro-structured lenses retain the refractive function of traditional convex/concave lenses, but reduce the thickness, volume and weight [3,4]. com Oct 30, 2015 · A 20× Nikon objective lens L 2 with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0. Micro-lens arrays contain multiple microlenses that are formed in either a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array on a supporting substrate. These lenses can be fabricated to be very thin and lightweight. The MFL's resolving power (Rayleigh criterion for resolution) at the design wavelength is calculated to be comparable to that of conventional dispersing prisms of the same size. In addition, an elastic structure comprising a central mass with four beams is employed to The MCL is assembled with a light source such as a laser diode (LD) or a light emitting diode (LED) and a micro collimating lens in the smallest commercially available laser package. Add to cart. Study for wide-viewing integral photography using an aspheric Fresnel Mar 1, 2013 · Fresnel micro-structured lenses are widely used in the field of modern optoelectronic technology. Another option is to Jan 1, 2002 · Multiple-focus micro Fresnel lens, consisting of several micro Fresnel lenses, is not rotationally symmetric, thus requiring the introduction of 5-axis control ultraprecision machining center. l. 5 micrometers. 8 nm light source is fabricated. In the present work, we developed a ductile-mode micro grooving process for fabricating Fresnel lenses on germanium. A laser scanning confocal microscope was employed for the quality control of the optical components. Fresnel lenses employ very fine prismatic surface features on a thin plane plate. 003434. The FZL profile for both optica Nov 1, 2021 · Fresnel micro-lens arrays with close-to-wavelength features have significant advantages in minimization of optical systems. Opt. Dec 11, 2017 · Some of the most important are, patterned electrodes 3,4 Fresnel lenses 5, modal control 6,7 and immersed microlenses 8. Due to micro-scale dimensions of FZP in the array and current manufacturing techniques, the number of zones of FZP is limited. Then micro glass fresnel lenses were pressed in trial and the optimum press load and press temperature were studied experimentally. 160+ million publication pages. Nov 10, 2015 · The Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) consist of several 0. The PCX lens acts as an objective lens that maps the mask openings onto a MCC of micro-spheres. vuucxcsrxsafnqalhldp