Mexican cession. The Mexican Cession of 1848 refers to the lands ceded or surrendered to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican–American War. The Gadsden Purchase, or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico. Learn about the diverse experiences, challenges and contributions of this ethnic group in the United States, especially in the Southwest. The suggestion that slavery be barred from the Mexican Cession caused rancorous debate between North and South and split the Democratic Party when many northern members left to create the Free-Soil Party. ∙ 14y ago. forces under Gen. As part of the agreement, the U. On April 25, 1846, Mexican cavalry attacked a group of U. Mexicans Jun 20, 2023 · Featured Document Display: Diseños: An Impact of Mexican Cession. Feb 2, 2024 · The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was an agreement between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American War and transferred territory to the U. citizens. One reason for why the cession does not triumph the As a result, Mexico was forced to sell all of its northernmost territory, including California and New Mexico, to the United States in the Mexican Cession. Jan 27, 2010 · During World War II, Mexican pilots fight against Japanese forces in the Philippines, serving alongside the U. Signed on February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War (1846–48). to establish agreement on the Texas-Mexico border and to purchase Mexico’s California and New Mexico territories set the stage for the Mexican-American War. Designed by Whig senator Henry Clay and Democratic senator Stephen A. Explore the cultural, political and economic aspects of their history on Wikipedia. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850. It is the peace treaty that was signed on 2 February 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo. Who said,"by purchase if possible, by force if necessary" we'll buy it, or we'll physically obtain it. oil companies $24 million, plus The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of Colorado and Wyoming. diplomatic efforts to establish agreement on the Texas-Mexico border and to purchase Nov 3, 2023 · The Mexican Cession also provided valuable resources for the growing country, including rich farmland, mineral deposits, and access to important trade routes. US history 11 units · 43 skills. The belief was rooted in American exceptionalism and Romantic nationalism, implying the inevitable Nov 29, 2022 · The Mexican Cession & Slavery A map of the United States showing the Mexican Cession (1848) at the bottom left of the continent, via the US Department of the Interior The vast amount of land ceded to the United States with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was called the Mexican Cession. Firstly, Mexico lost a significant amount of its territory, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming May 19, 2023 · In these terms, a smaller cession of Mexican territory was agreed upon, contrary to the desires of many expansionists. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, [1 The Mexican Cession added nearly half of Mexico’s territory to the United States, including New Mexico and California, and established the U. The written history of Mexico spans more than three millennia. The war stemmed from the United States’ annexation of Texas in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (U. show more content. Oct 27, 2009 · The Compromise of 1850 was made up of five bills that attempted to resolve disputes over slavery in new territories added to the United States in the wake of the Mexican-American War (1846-48). created a new line marking the border between slave and free states at 54°40′. President Harry S. Harry S. They The Mexican–American War, [a] also known in the United States as the Mexican War, and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, [b] was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848. Douglas, with the support of President Millard Nov 24, 2009 · The U. With much at stake and tensions mounting, the stage was set for either a clash or a compromise. Air Force. according to the principles of the Constitution. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical significance of the Mexican Cession, shedding light on its causes, consequences, and long-term effects on both countries Oct 19, 2021 · Mexican Cession 1848 — By Kballen on Wikimedia Commons Aftermath. Image Source: American History Central and the Library of Congress. 1853. territory by about one-third. Polk - → was the presedent of the unite, Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna - → the leader of the mexicans dur Manifest destiny was a phrase in the 19th-century United States that represented the belief that American settlers were destined to expand westward across North America, and that this belief was both obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny"). -Mexico border at the Rio Grande. Other controversial matters, which had been simmering over time, complicated the problem further. President James K. See the fact file below for more information on the Mexican Cession or alternatively, you can download our 24-page Mexican Cession worksheet pack to U. claim). 2-3 captured or missing. Copy. Nov 9, 2009 · Mexican cuisine varies greatly by region but depends heavily on an ancient trinity of staples: corn (maize), beans and squash. The Annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1845–1848. Polk approved the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is also known as the Mexican Cession. government committed to paying Mexico $15 million and assuming the debts owed by the Mexican government to American citizens. Oct 12, 2023 · The Mexican Cession refers to the region ceded by Mexico to the United States following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which resulted from the conclusion of the Mexican-American War. Additionally, Mexico relinquished its claims to Texas, and the United States forgave Mexico's debts to U. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, but had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic, though the Texas Annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified Texas's southern California was the crown jewel of the Mexican Cession, and following the discovery of gold, it was flush with thousands of emigrants. The treaty was ratified by Mexico and the U. The U. In April, an army of approximately 4,000 men lead by General Zachary Taylor entered the Nueces Strip, a contested territory that Mexico and many Americans regarded as never having been a part of Texas. It included what are now the US states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New . The election of 1848 did nothing to quell the controversy over whether slavery would advance into the Mexican Cession. Unit 1 Worlds collide (1491-1607) Unit 2 Colonial America (1607-1754) Unit 3 The road to revolution (1754-1800) Unit 4 The early republic (1800-1848) Unit 5 The Civil War era (1844-1877) Unit 6 The Gilded Age (1865-1898) Unit 7 Rise to world power (1890-1945) On January 13, 1846, Polk ordered American forces into deeply disputed territory. The treaty also guaranteed their safety and property rights, "as if the [property] belonged to citizens of the U. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo radically expanded the United States, and completed the goals of Polk’s Manifest Destiny, while also forcing the nation to confront questions about slavery and self-determination in the new American territory. Firstly, the cession resulted in the loss of approximately 55% of Mexico’s territory, including present-day states such as California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona In addition, the U. Nov 9, 2009 · The Mexican-American War Begins. Mexican Americans are still fighting for land they were promised generations ago. An online exhibit of 30 original military maps owned by Robert E. The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west Hence, Taylor's proposed solution of allowing the residents in the Mexican Cession to decide the issue of slavery in new state constitutions would have added two or three free states to the Union, upsetting the delicate North-South balance in the Senate. May marks two key anniversaries in the conflict between the United States and Mexico that set in motion the Civil War—and led to California, Texas, and eight other states joining the Union. citizens against Mexico and paid Mexico $15 million. In 1944, Mexico agrees to pay U. 12 terms · What was the mexican Cession → lands that mexico ceded to the, Zachary Taylor → was the comander of the US arm, James K. 25 million in assumed claims: 1853: Gadsden Purchase: Purchased from Mexico for $10 million: 1857: Baker Island Howland Island: Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Act of 1856; under the jurisdiction of the U. Harry S Mexican Cession. The war was short but bloody and major fighting ended when the Americans captured Mexico City in September of 1847. America's manifest destiny would be complete when in 1853, it completed the Gadsden Purchase for $10 million, an area that includes parts of New Mexico and Arizona. Hope this helped. 6. Promised to protect 80,000 Mexicans living in that area. The cession was a stretch of territory from the Pacific Northwest The Mexican Cession added nearly half of Mexico’s territory to the United States, including New Mexico and California, and established the U. ”. government in 1848 and proclaimed in 1848. Jun 16, 2022 · Introduction. After the war from 1846–1848, the treaty confirmed the Mexican Cession, which is the territory Mexico ceded to the U. The Gadsden Purchase of 1853 signed over the rest of The Mexican Cession added nearly half of Mexico’s territory to the United States, including New Mexico and California, and established the U. Polk. In this transaction, known as the Gadsden Purchase, the United States added the last piece of territory that would create the present-day contiguous, or touching, forty-eight states. The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established much of the Southern border of the continental U. The country Mexico used to own Mexico Cession. Polk claimed to Congress that Mexico had “invaded our territory and shed American blood on American soil. Some slaveholders, like President Taylor, considered the question a moot point because the lands acquired from Mexico were far too dry for growing cotton and therefore, they thought, no slaveholder would want to move there. Lee Mexican War Maps. Nov 9, 2009 · The Mexican Revolution, also known as the Mexican Civil War, began in 1910, ended dictatorship in Mexico and established a constitutional republic. received what is now known as the Mexican Cession, equivalent to the territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México. [1] The territory became the states of California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona. states of New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California, Texas, and Under the treaty that ended the Mexican War, most of the Mexicans who lived in the new United States territories became U. The issue of what to do with the western territories added to the republic by the Mexican Cession consumed Congress in The Mexican cession occurred in 1848 due to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that was signed after the Mexican-American war. On May 13, 1846, the United States Congress declared war on Mexico after a request from President James K. with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, right after the Mexican-American War. Jan 14, 2022 · Mexican Cession Officially , the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is known as the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Mexico. Wiki User. " In practice, however, the new territories were far from the centers of U. The treaty confirmed the U. Truman is declared a guest of honor during a meeting with Mexican President Miguel Aleman in Mexico City on March 3, 1947. When U. Jun 7, 2022 · In 1846, a Pennsylvania representative named David Wilmot proposed legislation intended to bar slavery’s expansion into the lands acquired after the Mexican-American War. This lesson also includes the Gadsen The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War in 1848 and resulted in the Mexican cession, a total of 525,000 square miles ceded to the United States by Mexico. U. The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of Jun 14, 2019 · And the treaty ending the war in 1848 gave the United States 55% of Mexican territory - the states of Arizona, New Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah, parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Oklahoma and Kansas Landing of U. Under this agreement, Mexico ceded a vast territory comprising present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming to the United States in exchange for $15 Jul 22, 2019 · Robert E. Congress votes in favor of President James K. Aug 14, 2023 · The Mexican Cession had a profound impact on the history of North America, shaping the borders of the United States and Mexico as we know them today. The land the US acquired became known as the Mexican Cession. hands Aug 19, 2023 · This answer is: More answers. allowed for the possible creation of both slave and free states. James K. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory because Mexico refused to Lesson Plan. The STANDS4 Network. Polk, an expansionist Democrat, took advantage of a border dispute between Mexico and Texas that came after Texas's war of May 13, 2013 · The Mexican-American war in a nutshell. The Mexican Cession added nearly half of Mexico’s territory to the United States, including New Mexico and California, and established the U. Under its terms, the U. S. The treaty infuriated antislavery leaders in the United States. Chief among these issues were the slave trade in the District of Columbia, which antislavery The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, was a triumph for American expansionism under which Mexico ceded nearly half its land to the United States. It also recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border and guaranteed the rights of Mexican nationals. Mexico also recognized the Rio Grande as the border with the United States. soldiers in the disputed zone under the command of General Zachary Taylor, killing about a dozen. The war stirred nationalistic feelings in The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, was a triumph for American expansionism under which Mexico ceded nearly half its land to the United States. Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande River as America’s southern boundary. Tensions had been high between the two since 1836 when Texas broke off from Mexico and began petitioning the USA for statehood. forces were consistently victorious—resulted in the Nov 21, 2023 · The United States gained the Mexican Cession under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War in 1848. In this lesson, students learn about Americans’ drive to expand west, tensions between the U. The Missouri Compromise stated that any territory north of the 36°30’ parallel would be free; however, the line would divide California into two sections. With the land from the annexation of Texas (about 390,000 This timeline describes significant events during the Mexican-American War, which was fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848. The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War. Fish and Wildlife Service: 1857 Virgin of Guadalupe and castas, 1. The United States declared war on Mexico on May 13. Nov 9, 2009 · The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, ended the Mexican-American War and added an additional 525,000 square miles to the U. The spoils of war were impressive, but it was clear they would help expand slavery. Another staple, rice, is usually served alongside beans. The Mexican-American War ended with Mexico giving up a million acres of land to the United States. annexed the Republic of Texas, which had won de facto independence from Mexico in the Texas Revolution (1835–36). The treaty also settled all claims of U. In the treaty, the Republic of Mexico agreed to cede 55 percent A Mexican force crossed the river at Palo Alto, and a battle took place on May 8, followed the next day by the Battle of Resaca de la Palma. The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the present day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, but had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic, though the Texas annexation Nov 17, 2023 · The Mexican Cession refers to the territory that Mexico was forced to cede to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, after the Mexican-American War. Part of the area marked as Gadsden Purchase near modern-day Mesilla, New Mexico, was disputed after the Treaty. , including the portions The Mexican Cession was part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the peace treaty that ended the Mexican-American War between Mexico and the United States. This conflict had claimed more than forty thousand lives, most of them civilians, and arose out of an American desire to acquire more territory westward to the Pacific Ocean. The Mexican Cession: In 1848, Mexico transferred roughly 529,000 miles of its sovereign territory to the United States. Furthermore, the Mexican Cession was a catalyst for the ongoing debate over the expansion of slavery. Gadsden Purchase, 1853–1854. In addition to the sale of land, the treaty also provided recognition of the Rio Grande as the boundary between the state of Texas and Mexico. Truman Library and Museum. Attack on the Castle Chapultepec, print by Nathaniel Currier, 1848. It Information and translations of Mexican Cession in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Polk oversaw the greatest territorial expansion of the United States to date. During his tenure, U. The California Gold Rush rapidly expanded the population of the new territory, but also prompted concerns over immigration, especially from China. Winfield Scott at Veracruz, Mexico, on March 9, 1847, during the Mexican-American War. The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U. Polk accomplished this through the annexation of Texas in 1845, the negotiation of the Oregon Treaty with Great Britain in Feb 5, 2021 · The Mexican Cession is a place or region in the southwestern United States that Mexico handed over to the U. BROKERING THE COMPROMISE. Sep 20, 2022 · The treaty ended the Mexican-American War and ceded 55 percent of Mexico's territory to the United States. Program of centennial festivities of Mexican independence in September 1910, asserting the historical continuity of Miguel Hidalgo, Benito Juárez "Law," and Porfirio Díaz, "Peace," from 1810 to 1910. September 30, 2020, 3:22 PM. The Mexican War was fought between the United States and Mexico (1846-48), a conflict that began with a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the U. Polk’s request to declare war on Mexico in a dispute over Texas, kicking off the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Know as the Mexican Cession, this land transfer was arranged as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American War. In contrast to the provisions of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850. The history of Mexican Americans spans more than four centuries, from the Spanish colonization of the Americas to the present day. The lands were ceded to the US in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). The United States got land in the present-day states of California The Mexican Cession was a region of the American West that was signed over to the United States by Mexico under the 3 February 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War. Failed diplomatic efforts by the U. The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of Nov 9, 2023 · The Mexican Cession, which refers to the land ceded by Mexico to the United States following the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), had significant consequences for Mexico and its people. On February 2, 1848, Nicholas Trist, a representative of the United States government, signed a treaty ending the Mexican-American War. Discover the timeline, the leaders involved and Mexican Cession: Purchase from Mexico following American-Mexican War; $15 million plus 3. At the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States annexed more than half of Mexico’s territory under the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. When the U. Including Texas, Mexico ceded an area of approximately 2,500,000 square kilometres (970,000 sq mi) – by its terms, around 55% of its former national territory. Lee from the holdings of the Virginia Military Institute. The mexican cession was also known as. After two years of fighting and a series of American victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848, officially ending the war and extending Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which settled the Mexican-American War, the United States gained more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 square km) of land, expanding U. promised to protect the property rights of Mexican citizens who had received land grants (ranchos) in The concept of Manifest Destiny held that the United States had the providential right to expand to the Pacific Ocean. territory, including present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. government, and The Mexican Cession begs the slavery question At the end of the Mexican-American War, the United States gained a large piece of western land known as the Mexican Cession . The Mexican Cession, as the land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of Colorado and Wyoming. When/what was the Gadsden Purchase. title to Texas and ceded the Alta California and New Mexico territories to the United States, some 525,000 square miles. The issue of what to do with the western territories added to the republic by the Mexican Cession consumed Congress in 1850. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico ceded nearly all the territory now included in the U. Jul 10, 2022 · The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended Mexican-American War, was signed in February of 1848. May 14, 2018 · In 1853, the United States purchased lands from Mexico that had been in dispute since the border settlement that followed the Mexican-American War (1946–48). The Mexican Cession gave the United States a great deal of land in what is now the southwestern part of the United States. The Wilmot Proviso The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, was a triumph for American expansionism under which Mexico ceded nearly half its land to the United States. Map depicting the area of the Mexican Cession, including the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, and portions of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. The Mexican Cession agreed with Mexico (white) and the Gadsden Purchase (brown). -Mexican War (1846-1848) This PBS site chronicles the events of the border disputes through multiple points of view to provide an enlightened perspective on the subject. California was the crown jewel of the Mexican Cession, and following the discovery of gold, it was flush with thousands of emigrants. including present-day Arizona and New Mexico, plus parts of Colorado Jun 17, 2018 · In addition, through the Mexican Cession, America required land that included parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. Army, commanded by General Zachary Taylor, encamped in Mexican territory during the Mexican-American War. territory by approximately 525,000 square miles. The 1848 Mexican Cession, shown in red, and the later 1853 Gadsden Purchase, shown in yellow The US won the war, and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which gave the US the area that would become the states of Arizona , California , New Mexico , Nevada , Utah , southwestern Colorado , and southwestern Wyoming . Aug 21, 2023 · The United States acquired the Mexican Cession through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, following the conclusion of the Mexican-American War. Gadsden’s Purchase provided the land necessary for a Feb 9, 2010 · In 1819, after years of negotiations, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams achieved a diplomatic coup with the signing of the Florida Purchase Treaty, which officially put Florida into U. In 1845 the U. This area, often referred to as the Mexican Cession, expanded U. ABBREVIATIONS; The conclusion of the Mexican War led to the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. did not receive any southern support. Aug 19, 2023 · The "Mexican Cession" was the vast area of land constituting most of the present Southwest United States, from California eastward to New Mexico. The Mexican Cession of 1848 was taken after the Mexican War. On the other hand, the Gadsden Purchase was a land acquisition made by America from Mexico in 1853 primarily for building railroads in present-day Sep 30, 2020 · By Kristofer Rios, Ashley Riegle, and Allie Yang. Mexico got $15 million for the land. Polk knew this action would antagonize Mexican military forces Mar 23, 2023 · Land cession: Mexico ceded a large portion of its northern territory to the United States, which included present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. By most estimates, however, it would be a free state, since the former Mexican ban on slavery still remained in force and slavery had not taken root in California. Login . 12:58. Mexicans in the annexed areas became full U. The Conquest of California, also known as the Conquest of Alta California or the California Campaign, was an important military campaign of the Mexican–American War carried out by the United States in Alta California (modern-day California ), then a part of Mexico. Mexico was allowed to keep everything south of the Rio Grande. annexed Texas, Mexico severed formal diplomatic relations with the U. The Mexican Cession came from Mexico, who gave the United States the land in 1848. in 1845. The war—in which U. In this treaty, the United States would gain control of all the lands that were placed west of Texas; this became known as the Mexican cession. This answer is: The Gadsden Purchase ( Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla "La Mesilla sale") [2] is a 29,640-square-mile (76,800 km 2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, was a triumph for American expansionism under which Mexico ceded nearly half its land to the United States. [1] It was agreed to in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which formally ended the war (1847–1848) between Mexico and the Oct 23, 2018 · As a direct result of the Mexican Cession, the California Gold Rush began in 1849 which caused a massive frenzy to organize and admit California into the Union. applied to territory within the Mexican Cession. and Mexico, and President James Polk’s actions that started a war between the two countries. California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming were ceded to the USA, some 529,000 square miles of land. Feb 12, 2024 · Mexican-American War, war between the United States and Mexico (April 1846–February 1848) stemming from the United States’ annexation of Texas in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (U. The Southwest was once part Jul 3, 2019 · The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was a defining moment in the relationship between Mexico and the USA. The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of The acquisition of lands from Mexico in 1848 reawakened debates regarding slavery. Western Border Dispute. mr su ce ma gx vd jd wb rt kv